Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of SnO 2 /Graphene Hybrid Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries
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Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of SnO2/Graphene Hybrid Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries Chia-Yi Lin1, Chien-Te Hsieh1, Ruey-Shin Juang1 1 Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taiwan
ABSTRACT An efficient microwave-assisted polyol (MP) approach is report to prepare SnO2/graphene hybrid as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. The key factor to this MP method is to start with uniform graphene oxide (GO) suspension, in which a large amount of surface oxygenate groups ensures homogeneous distribution of the SnO2 nanoparticles onto the GO sheets under the microwave irradiation. The period for the microwave heating only takes 10 min. The obtained SnO2/graphene hybrid anode possesses a reversible capacity of 967 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and a high Coulombic efficiency of 80.5% at the first cycle. The cycling performance and the rate capability of the hybrid anode are enhanced in comparison with that of the bare graphene anode. This improvement of electrochemical performance can be attributed to the formation of a 3-dimensional framework. Accordingly, this study provides an economical MP route for the fabrication of SnO2/graphene hybrid as an anode material for high-performance Li-ion batteries.
INTRODUCTION Graphene, a spotlighted material applied in nanoelectronic devices, based on its unique honeycomb structure, excellent mechanical and electronic properties, and are intensively explored in applications such as batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, photovoltaic devices, and so on [1-3]. Lithium-ion batteries have been extensively applied in portable electronic devices and are considered as potential power sources in electric vehicles [4,5]. The energy and the power density of the Li-ion battery strongly depend on the properties of cathode and anode materials. However, graphite has an inherent limitation with a theoretical capacity of 372 mAh g-1. In order to meet the increasing requirement for Li batteries with higher energy and power density, much effort has been made to discover new anode materials. As a large band gap semiconductor, SnO2 has attracted a lot of attention due to it exhibits a reversible capacity of 782 mAh g-1, which is more than twice that of the currently used graphite. But, it is generally recognized that the alloying process is accompanied with not only huge volume change (usually > 300%) but also structure stress of the electrode, which results in cracking and pulverization of the anodes [6]. To resolve the aforementioned problems, one strategy is to reassemble graphene
nanosheets (GNs) in the presence of tin oxide nanoparticles, forming a hybrid anode. The present work proposes a fast synthesis of SnO2/GN composites using the microwave-assisted polyol (MP) route. Generally, the MP method is one of the efficient approaches to deposit metallic or alloy nanoparticles with good uniformity on carbon supports [7-10], because of its energy efficiency, speed, uniformity, and simplicity in execution. The total deposition period during the MP method on
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