Elevated CO 2 promotes the acquisition of phosphorus in crop species differing in physiological phosphorus-acquiring mec
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Elevated CO2 promotes the acquisition of phosphorus in crop species differing in physiological phosphorus-acquiring mechanisms James B. O’Sullivan & Jian Jin & Caixian Tang
Received: 6 May 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Background and aims Crop species differ in phosphorus (P) acquisition in P-limiting environments. However, it is not fully understood how elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations affects these P acquisition mechanisms and the plant's ability to acquire P from soil. This study aimed to investigate the effect of elevated CO2 on P acquisition in crop species with contrasting P acquisition mechanisms. Methods White lupin, faba bean, canola and near-isogenic wheat lines with and without citrate efflux were grown for 70 days in a P-deficient Chromosol soil under ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (800 ppm) CO2. Plant P uptake and P transformation in the rhizosphere were determined. Results Elevated CO2 promoted total P uptake in white lupin and canola by 84% and 48%, respectively, and decreased the P uptake in the non-citrate-exuding wheat (by 24%) but not the exuding wheat. In white lupin, elevated CO2 enhanced phosphatase activity and depletion of organic P in the rhizosphere. Elevated CO2 increased P uptake by increasing root length which allowed canola to exploit a greater volume of soil for P. In the rhizosphere of faba bean, NaOH-extractable inorganic P was greater under elevated CO2.
Responsible Editor: Honghua He. J. B. O’Sullivan : J. Jin : C. Tang (*) Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia e-mail: [email protected]
Conclusion Crops which rely on organic acid exudation and phosphatases appear to be better adapted to acquiring P under elevated CO2. Keywords Climate change . High carbon dioxide . Legumes . Phosphatases . Organic anions . Root exudation
Introduction Atmospheric CO2 concentrations are predicted to rise to 700–800 ppm by the end of the century (IPCC 2013). Elevated atmospheric CO2 has been shown to increase carbon-fixation in many C3 plant species which can lead to increases in above- and below-ground biomass and decreases in nutrient concentration (Ainsworth and Long 2005; Jin et al. 2012; Lam et al. 2012). A key regulator of plant response to elevated CO2 is plant P status. Severe plant P deficiency decreases plant growth, which can minimise elevated-CO2-induced increases in primary productivity. This indicates that soil P status contributes to how primary productivity is affected by elevated CO2 (Jin et al. 2015). Phosphorus exists in various organic and inorganic soil pools with only a small proportion of total P being available to plants as the free orthophosphate ion. Given the unique behaviour of P compared to other nutrients, some plants species are relatively more efficient than others at obtaining P from non-labile sources particularly in an elevated CO2 environment (Khan et al. 2008; Nuruzzaman et al. 20
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