Effect of Elevated CO 2 on Ascorbate Accumulation and the Expression Levels of Genes Involved in Ascorbate Metabolism in
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Effect of Elevated CO2 on Ascorbate Accumulation and the Expression Levels of Genes Involved in Ascorbate Metabolism in Celery Jie‑Xia Liu1 · Kai Feng1 · Guang‑Long Wang1 · Xue‑Jun Wu1 · Ao‑Qi Duan1 · Lian Yin1 · Di Shen1 · Zhi‑Sheng Xu1 · Ai‑Sheng Xiong1 Received: 7 May 2019 / Accepted: 16 October 2019 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Ascorbate is an antioxidant in plants. Its content is an important index to evaluate the nutritional quality of celery. In higher plant, ascorbate accumulation is effected by C O2 concentration. To study the effects of elevated C O2 (1000 µmol m ol−1) on ascorbate accumulation in celery, ascorbate contents and the transcript levels of genes related to ascorbate metabolism in the leaves (leaf blade and petiole) were detected. The results of current study showed that the ascorbate and total ascorbate levels increased during all the treated stages in celery petioles, and they were 1.09–3.91 fold of the control. In leaf blades, the ascorbate contents exhibited a lower level (96.12% and 90.46% of the control) in treatments at 2 and 4 days, and then increased to 1.04 and 1.27 fold of the control in treatments at 6 and 8 days, respectively. Elevated C O2 altered the expression profiles of ascorbate-related genes and the activities of corresponding enzymes. Expression levels of the genes, AgPGI2, AgGMP, AgPMI, AgGalDH, AgGalLDH, GalUR, AgDHAR1, AgAPX1, and AgAO, in the leaf blades corresponded well to the change in ascorbate contents. At 6 days of treatment, the relative expression levels of AgPGI2, AgPMI, AgGGP1, AgGGP2, AgGalUR, AgMDHAR, AgDHAR1, and AgAPX1 in leaf blades increased, and were 4.41, 2.39, 4.65, 3.64, 3.11, 4.53, 4.59, and 3.86 times higher than that of the control. Increased ascorbate accumulation in celery leaves under elevated C O2 treatments might be also related to the change in SOD, POD, and CAT activities, as well as GSH content. These results will enhance our understanding on the effects of elevated CO2 on ascorbate accumulation and potential molecular mechanism regulating ascorbate metabolism in celery. Keywords Elevated CO2 · Ascorbate · Gene expression · Leaf · Apium graveolens L. Abbreviations AO Ascorbate oxidase AOC Antioxidant capacity APX Ascorbate peroxidase AsA Ascorbate CAT Catalase DHA Dehydroascorbate Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-019-10045-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ai‑Sheng Xiong [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
DHAR Dehydroascorbate reductase DTT Dithiothreitol EtOH Ethyl alcohol GalDH l-galactose dehydrogenase GalLDH l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase GalUR d-galactur
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