Endothelial progenitor cells: the promise of cell-based therapies for acute lung injury
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Inflammation Research
REVIEW
Endothelial progenitor cells: the promise of cell-based therapies for acute lung injury Mei Mao • Xilin Xu • Yong Zhang Bo Zhang • Zu-hong Fu
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Received: 14 April 2012 / Revised: 3 October 2012 / Accepted: 22 October 2012 / Published online: 9 November 2012 Ó Springer Basel 2012
Abstract Background Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are defined as a special type of stem cell that have been found to directly incorporate into injured vessels and that participate in angiogenesis and reconstruction by differentiation into endothelial cells. EPCs are widely used to therapeutically treat cardiovascular disease, limb ischemia and vascular repair. However, the role of EPCs in inflammatory diseases, especially in lung injury, is less studied. Objective To investigate the application of EPCs to vascular repair, and the role of EPCs in acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods A computer-based online search was performed in the PubMed database and Web of Science database for articles published, concerning EPCs, angiogenesis, ALI/ ARDS and stem cell transplantation Conclusion EPCs have a therapeutic potential for vascular regeneration and may emerge as novel strategy for the diseases that are associated with ALI/ARDS. Keywords Endothelial progenitor cells Angiogenesis Acute lung injury Acute respiratory distress syndrome Stem cell transplantation
Responsible Editor: Artur Bauhofer. M. Mao (&) Department of Respiratory Medicine, No 324 Hospital of PLA, Chongqing 400020, China e-mail: [email protected] X. Xu Y. Zhang B. Zhang Z. Fu Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan 430072, China
Introduction Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), initially described as a special type of stem cell, have played an import role in maintaining normal endothelial function, as well as in repairing the endothelium after vascular injury [1–5]. EPCs might also provide a circulating pool of cells that could integrate into the site of denuding injury, or they could serve as a reservoir to replace damaged endothelium. Recently published data suggest that EPCs can migrate to the injured lung tissue, reestablish the endothelial function in vessels and ameliorate inflammation after lung injury. Therefore, EPC-based therapy is a novel and promising treatment for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [6–11]. ALI/ARDS are common and devastating clinical disorders that result in acute respiratory failure in critically ill patients. These disorders are directly or indirectly initiated by acute inflammatory responses that are secondary to a variety of diseases or injuries such as sepsis, pneumonia, aspiration and trauma [12, 13]. Though progress has been made in assisted ventilation, fluid conservative strategies and pharmacologic treatments, the mortality rate of patients with ALI/ARDS remains high, at approximately 40 % [14, 15]. Furthermore, there is no effective clinical treatment targe
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