Enhanced antibacterial activity of size-controlled silver and polyethylene glycol functionalized silver nanoparticles
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Enhanced antibacterial activity of size‑controlled silver and polyethylene glycol functionalized silver nanoparticles Basharat Khan1 · Mohsan Nawaz1 · Rafaqat Hussain2 · Gareth J. Price3 · Muhammad Farooq Warsi4 · Muhammad Waseem2 Received: 20 April 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 © Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract In the present study, the microemulsion-assisted co-precipitation method was utilized for the synthesis of the size-controlled silver nanoparticles and PEGylated silver nanoparticles at different pH (10–12). The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. These particles were employed for bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and compared with levofloxacin as a standard bactericidal drug. The results showed that smaller silver nanoparticles (SNPs) possessed higher antibacterial activity. The activity was further enhanced using polyethylene glycol as surface functionalization agent. The pronounced bactericidal effect can be associated to the increase in hydroxyl ions on the surface of silver nanoparticles. The sample P5000SNPs (PEG of M. wt. 5000) exhibited outstanding bactericidal activity against S. aureus and displayed the zone of inhibition (ZOI) 29 mm at pH 10. Furthermore, PEGylation of silver (smaller size of silver ions) with higher molecular weight has shown pronounced bactericidal effect. Therefore, PEGylated SNPs with higher molecular weight are recommended as excellent disinfectants. Keywords Antibacterial activity · Silver · Staphylococcus aureus · Nanoparticles · PEGylation
Introduction The successful synthesis and use of nanomaterials with enhanced performance have opened varieties of opportunities for industries and scientific aspirations in the world (Ajitha et al. 2015). Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) are the most commercially available nanoparticles, being around 55% of the total available nano product (Asghari et al. 2012; Xiu et al. 2012). The wide range of applications of SNPs is attributed to their high surface area, small size and intrinsic surface reactivity (Gunasundari et al. 2017). In addition to * Muhammad Waseem [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
2
Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
3
Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
4
Department of Chemistry, Baghdad-Ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
being excellent antibacterial agents, SNPs are also used for burn treatments (Sun et al. 2005). The cytoprotective activity also makes SNPs suitable for the treatment of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) (Zhang et al. 2002). Previous studies have shown that silver is effective against more than 650 pathogens; therefore, SNPs can also be used as an alternative to antibiotic which have been confirmed against sever
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