Biosynthesis of Cu, ZVI, and Ag nanoparticles using Dodonaea viscosa extract for antibacterial activity against human pa
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RESEARCH PAPER
Biosynthesis of Cu, ZVI, and Ag nanoparticles using Dodonaea viscosa extract for antibacterial activity against human pathogens S. C. G. Kiruba Daniel • G. Vinothini • N. Subramanian • K. Nehru • M. Sivakumar
Received: 30 July 2011 / Accepted: 14 November 2012 / Published online: 4 December 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012
Abstract Biosynthesis of copper, zero-valent iron (ZVI), and silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Dodonaea viscosa has been investigated in this report. There are no additional surfactants/polymers used as capping or reducing agents for these syntheses. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV– Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The phase analysis was performed using selected area electron diffraction. The pH dependence
of surface plasmon resonance and subsequent size variation has been determined. The synthesized nanoparticles showed spherical morphology and the average size of 29, 27, and 16 nm for Cu, ZVI, and Ag nanoparticles, respectively. Finally, biosynthesized Cu, ZVI, and Ag nanoparticles were tested against human pathogens viz. Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and showed good antimicrobial activity.
S. C. G. Kiruba Daniel and G. Vinothini contributed equally to this study.
Keywords Copper nanoparticles Zero-valent iron nanoparticles Silver nanoparticles Dodonaea viscosa Antimicrobial activity
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11051-012-1319-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. S. C. G. Kiruba Daniel G. Vinothini M. Sivakumar (&) Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India e-mail: [email protected] N. Subramanian Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India K. Nehru Department of Chemistry, Anna University of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
Introduction Metal nanoparticles are currently used in different fields for their unique properties (Mohanpuria et al. 2008). Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles was performed by a variety of physical and chemical methods (Sastry et al. 2004). However, these methods may use toxic chemicals and are harmful to the environment (Dubey et al. 2010). The usage of chemicals for synthesis of nanoparticles leaves footage of some toxic chemical species that absorbed on the surface and this may have adverse effects in medical applications. These problems can be overcome by the biosynthesis of nanoparticles using the plants, microorganisms such as yeast, bacteria, algae, and fungi
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(Sastry et al. 2003; Mandal et al. 2006; Gericke and Pinches 2006) which are considered as ecofriendly process. The biosynthetic pathway of
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