Enhanced Decolourisation and Biodegradation of Textile Wastewater Using Single and Mixed Cultures of a Newly Isolated En
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Enhanced Decolourisation and Biodegradation of Textile Wastewater Using Single and Mixed Cultures of a Newly Isolated Enterobacter Strain Thanaphorn Rakkan1 · Kanokphorn Sangkharak2 Received: 25 April 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The novel Enterobacter strains TS1L and TS3, isolated from textile wastewater, showed a good ability to decolourise Basic Red 9 (BR9). The effects of various physicochemical parameters on decolourisation efficiency were evaluated using both single and mixed culture of Enterobacter sp. The optimal conditions for the decolourising activity of strains TS1L, TS3 and a mixed culture were as follows: textile wastewater as sole substrate without glucose addition, pH 7.0, 150 rpm, 35 °C and 12 h of incubation. The highest decolourisation rate was observed at 81.15% for the single culture of strain TS1L. Moreover, TS1L not only reduced BR9 in wastewater, but also improved the quality of the water under optimal conditions. The treated wastewater met the criteria of the Water Quality Standard (Thailand). Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, TS1L completely degraded BR9 and converted it into organic compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Enterobacter with the ability to decolourise BR9 dye.
Introduction Synthetic dyes, organic compounds, have been widely used in various industries since 1856 [1, 2]. The use of synthetic dyes and pigments increases constantly and is estimated to reach a value of 63 billion USD in 2022, with a 29% of growth rate [3]. There are several types of synthetic dyes, including Basic Red 9 (BR9) Monohydrochloride (also known as benzene-mine 4-(4aminophenyl)(4-imino-2,5-cyclohexadian-1-ylidene)-methyl monohydro- chloride), which is a popular dye used in the textile and medical industry. It is an inflammable triphenylmethane dye used as a colouring agent [4], characterised as a solid, red colour with a green metallic sheen, slightly soluble in water and ether. However, it shows good solubility in ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethanol, benzyl alcohol and methanol [5]. As BR9 is Thanaphorn Rakkan and Kanokphorn Sangkharak have contributed equally to this work. * Kanokphorn Sangkharak [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand
2
classified as carcinogenic, its use is of particular concern, especially regarding treatment and final disposal [6]. The affectation of hydric systems is one of the main problems generated as a consequence of population growth and industrialisation. Every day a significant volume of domestic effluent to develop and optimise systems that, in addition to mitigating the adverse effects caused by its discharge, meet the provisions established in the corresponding environmental regulations. There are several methods for the treatment of BR9, including physical, chemical and biological methods [
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