Enzymatic Bioremediation: Current Status, Challenges of Obtaining Process, and Applications
Enzymes play an important role for degradation of various xenobiotic compounds. In this chapter, we summarize the role of various enzymes including oxidoreductases, monooxygenases, dioxygenases, peroxidases, and laccases for bioremediation of various xeno
- PDF / 626,080 Bytes
- 23 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 69 Downloads / 196 Views
Enzymatic Bioremediation: Current Status, Challenges of Obtaining Process, and Applications Clarissa Hamaio Okino-Delgado, Mirella Rossitto Zanutto-Elgui, Débora Zanoni do Prado, Milene Stefani Pereira, and Luciana Francisco Fleuri
Abstract Enzymes play an important role for degradation of various xenobiotic compounds. In this chapter, we summarize the role of various enzymes including oxidoreductases, monooxygenases, dioxygenases, peroxidases, and laccases for bioremediation of various xenobiotic compounds. Microbial oxidoreductases are able to degrade natural and artificial pollutants, reverse toxicity caused by xenobiotics, and reduce heavy metals, through their oxi-reduction capacity. Monooxygenases and dioxygenases are able to play a central role in the degradation and detoxification of aromatic compounds through hydroxylation and ring cleavage. Peroxidases act in bioremediation processes due to their thermostability and capacity to oxidize a wide range of substrates. Laccases can act on a variety of pollutants including petroleum derivatives (PHAs), paints, plastics, dyes, estrogenic substances, and paper via oxidative reactions, decarboxylation, and demethylation and can oxidize phenols, polyphenols, metals, polyamines, and aryl diamines groups and also act on lignin degradation and on azo dyes. Keywords Monooxygenase · Dioxygenase · Laccases · Peroxidase
4.1 Introduction Environmental pollution is one of the main problems of the contemporary era due to the high volume of waste from anthropogenic activities. Wastes from industries including textiles, paper, plastics, petrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals can have highly toxic substances such as phenolic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), petroleum derivatives, agrochemicals, organic pollutants, and heavy C. H. Okino-Delgado (*) · M. R. Zanutto-Elgui · D. Z. do Prado · M. S. Pereira · L. F. Fleuri Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 P. K. Arora (ed.), Microbial Metabolism of Xenobiotic Compounds, Microorganisms for Sustainability 10, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7462-3_4
79
80
C. H. Okino-Delgado et al.
metals. These toxic substances can cause severe endocrine dysfunctions (Wake 2005; Murthy and Naidu 2012) due to carcinogenic, neurotoxic, teratogenic, or mutagenic effects (Gavrilescu et al. 2015; Gasser et al. 2014; Nguyen et al. 2014; Rao et al. 2014; Kapoor and Rajagopal 2011; Alcalde et al. 2006). Among the 105 known chemical elements in nature, 30 have some toxicity to humans, and the combination of two or more of these elements can form more than 11 million chemicals. Chemicals compose the most diverse environments; thus, a particular environment consists of several substances in certain proportions. When a substance concentration is above natural limits, it is called a contaminant, and when it is harmful to living organisms, it is called a pollutant (MMA 1981). The knowledge about the transforma
Data Loading...
