Epigenetic Alterations in Oncogenesis
The purpose of this book is to provide an up to date review of the nature and consequences of epigenetic changes in cancer. Epigenetics literally means “above” genetics, and consists of heritable gene expression or other phenotypic states not accounted fo
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Adam R. Karpf Editor
Epigenetic Alterations in Oncogenesis
Editor Adam R. Karpf University of Nebraska Medical Center Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer 985950 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska USA
ISSN 0065-2598 ISBN 978-1-4419-9966-5 ISBN 978-1-4419-9967-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9967-2 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012945005 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression or genome function encoded by marks other than DNA base sequence; information literally “above” the level of genetics. Epigenetic marks include cytosine methylation and cytosine hydroxymethylation, histone tail modifications, histone variants, and nucleosome positional information, all of which are resident along the DNA duplex. Epigenetic marks frequently show interdependent relationships, for example, the close association of DNA methylation states with particular histone tail modifications and histone variants. From the standpoint of cell physiology, epigenetics provides a mechanism for cells to integrate environmental or intrinsic stimuli into
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