Estimated biomass carbon in thinned Cunninghamia lanceolate plantations at different stand-ages
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Estimated biomass carbon in thinned Cunninghamia lanceolate plantations at different stand‑ages Xie Zhang1 · Zhenming Wu1 · Zhongkun Xu1 · Liang Xu2 · Qingqian Xu1 · Jianzhong Lin3
Received: 2 April 2020 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolate [Lamb.] Hook.) is a fast-growing species which is not only important as a timber-supplier, but also as an available sink for carbon (C) storage in biomass. Stand age and density are two critical factors that can determine tree C sequestration as interrelated drivers through natural self-thinning. C. lanceolate were planted using 1-year-old bare-root seedlings at the initial density of 1800 stems ha−1 in a 15-ha montane area of Hunan Province, China in 1987. The plantation was thinned twice 10 and 20 years after planting to leave trees of 437.5 ± 26.6, 675.0 ± 155.2 and 895.8 ± 60.1 stems ha−1 as low, medium, and high densities, respectively. Tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured every Xie Zhang, Zhenming Wu and Zhongkun Xu have equally contributed to this paper. Project funding: This research was funded by Research on High-efficient management technology of large-size timber of Cunninghamia laceolata in the National Key R&D Program (Grant Number 2016YFD0600301). The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com. Corresponding editor: Yu Lei. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-020-01221-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Qingqian Xu [email protected] 1
Institute of Forestry, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
2
Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
3
Huitong County Forestry Bureau, Huaihua 418300, People’s Republic of China
2 years beginning from 23 years (2009) to 31 years (2018) after establishment, timber volume (TV) and biomass C were estimated accordingly. We did not find any interactive effect of age and density on any variables except for height. Both TV and biomass C increased with stand age or decreased in higher densities. The allometric heightDBH relationship can be fitted by an exponential risingto-maximum model with higher maximum value over time. The decline of biomass C along density fit with the inverse first-order polynomial model which indicated that at least 1300–1500 stems ha−1 may be needed to maximize TV and biomass C for a longer term over 20 years. Therefore, to control the density to a reasonable level, over 1300 stems ha−1 in a rotation over 20 years old will be practical for tree biomass C in Chinese fir plantations. Keywords Forest management · Carbon budget · Cunninghamia lanceolate · Southern China
Introduction Global warming increases the frequency of extreme hightemperature events which further increases atmospheric carbon (C) concentration (Zhou et al. 2016). Forests mitigate atmospheric carbon dioxide ( CO2) concentration by
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