Evaluation of Hyaluronic Acid/Agarose Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Biomaterial
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DOI 10.1007/s13233-020-8137-6
www.springer.com/13233 pISSN 1598-5032 eISSN 2092-7673
Evaluation of Hyaluronic Acid/Agarose Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Biomaterial Joo Hee Choi Jin Su Kim Won Kyung Kim Wonchan Lee Namyeong Kim Cheol Ui Song Jun Jae Jung Jeong Eun Song Gilson Khang*
Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea
Received September 20, 2019 / Revised May 14, 2020 / Accepted June 23, 2020
Abstract: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the most applied biomaterials in a tissue engineering field due to its biocompatibility and its presence in the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues. However, the mechanical property of the HA is weak and requires specific treatment to improve its properties. The application of Agarose (AG) hydrogel is widely studied and used as a support for the three-dimensional culture of cells due to its biocompatibility. Nevertheless, AG itself lacks the biological environment of the matrix which is unsuitable for the growth of the encapsulated cells. In this study, the composite of HA hydrogel and AG hydrogel (HA/AG hydrogel) is proposed to supplement the drawbacks of each hydrogel. HA provided enhanced microenvironment of matrix and AG improved the mechanical properties and assisted the cells. The characterization of the blended hydrogels was carried out with FTIR, weight loss, swelling ratio, and compressive strength study. The biocompatibility and biological environment of the composite was evaluated by dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue (MTT), live/dead staining, and morphological study. The composite biomaterial exhibited applicability for cartilage tissue engineering and the in vitro study of the cell-laden HA/AG hydrogel displayed potential for cartilage tissue engineering in the future. Keywords: agarose, hyaluronic acid, hydrogel, cartilage, regeneration.
1. Introduction Articular cartilage tissue consists of 80% water and a high density of extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is composed of type II collagen, and between the collagen, water and proteoglycan are in gel form.1-3 Articular cartilage plays an important role in minimizing friction and wear by absorbing and dispersing the force that is applied to the joints. When articular cartilage is damaged from trauma, aging, disease, etc., pain and restriction in function are generated, resulting in discomfort in daily life. Articular cartilage has limited ability to recover because it does not contain blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic tissues.4-7 Therefore, when cartilage damage appears, conventional treatment methods such as intra-articular injection, drug administration, physical therapy, and surgery are necessary.8 However, in the case of severe defects, it is not easy to heal by conventional treatment methods, and effective approaches are needed. AutoloAcknowledgments: This research was supported by the Inte
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