Expression Features of the Transcription Factor Gene anthocyanin2 and Its Effect on the Anthocyanin Content in Capsicum
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T GENETICS
Expression Features of the Transcription Factor Gene anthocyanin2 and Its Effect on the Anthocyanin Content in Capsicum chinense Jacq. Cultivars with Different Fruit Coloration M. A. Filyushina, b, *, E. A. Dzhosb, A. V. Shchennikovaa, and E. Z. Kochievaa, c aFederal
Research Center Fundamentals of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071 Russia b Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, VNIISSOK village, Moscow oblast, 143080 Russia c Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received October 22, 2019; revised December 2, 2019; accepted December 12, 2019
Abstract—The homologous anthocyanin2 (AN2) genes were identified and structurally characterized in two cultivars of hot pepper Capsicum chinense with different fruit exocarp coloration (purple and yellow). In the analyzed cultivars, the anthocyanin content and the expression pattern of the CcAN2 gene and anthocyanin pathway structural genes DFR and UFGT, regulated by AN2, were determined in the vegetative and reproductive organs, including fruit tissues at different stages of its development. A positive correlation between transcription levels of CcAN2, CcDFR, and CcUFGT was shown. A direct link between transcription levels of the analyzed genes and the anthocyanin content was observed in fruit peel, but not in the leaves. It was assumed that, in the vegetative tissues of the studied cultivars, the AN2, DFR, and UFGT genes can participate in plant photoprotection, and the visible purple color due to the anthocyanin accumulation may be associated with the regulatory activity of other MBW genes. Keywords: biosynthesis of anthocyanins, pepper fruits, exocarp, anthocyanin2, CcAN2, DFR, UFGT, gene expression, R2R3-MYB DOI: 10.1134/S1022795420090069
INTRODUCTION The diversity of plant fruit colors is determined mainly by pigments of the carotenoid group, anthocyanins, as well as by their combinations. Carotenoids provide yellow, orange, and red colors [1]. The anthocyanin spectrum is wider, and the color of fruits, seeds, flowers, and vegetative tissues may have tints of orange, red, purple, and blue [2–4]. Presently, more than 600 anthocyanins are known, among which six anthocyanidin derivatives are the most widespread in higher plants (cyanidin, delphinidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin, and malvidin) [2]. In plants, the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway is well studied, and all the enzymes, as well as the genes which encode them, are identified [4]. Biosynthesis of all pigments of this group is similar from the phenylalanine substrate modification to the formation of dihydrocaempferol, which further transformations lead to either dihydroquercetin (flavanon-3'-hydroxylase, the F3'H gene) or dihydromyricetin (flavanon-3',5'hydroxylase, the F3′5′H gene) synthesis. Then, derivatives of petunidin, cyanidin, and delphinidin are formed as a result of three sequential enzymatic reactions catalyzed by dihydroflavonol-4-reductase
(DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), and UDPglucosoflavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase
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