Expression of the Legume-Specific Nod Factor Receptor Proteins Alters Developmental and Immune Responses in Rice
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Expression of the Legume-Specific Nod Factor Receptor Proteins Alters Developmental and Immune Responses in Rice Alma Altúzar-Molina 1,2 & Luis Lozano 1 & Marlene Ortíz-Berrocal 1 & Mario Ramírez 1 & Lourdes Martínez 1 & María de Lourdes Velázquez-Hernández 1,3 & Swatismita Dhar-Ray 4 & Sonia Silvente 1,5 & Néstor Mariano 5 & Svetlana Shishkova 6 & Georgina Hernández 1 & Pallavolu M. Reddy 1,4
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Legumes form symbiosis with rhizobia, which fix nitrogen for the benefit of host plant in return for carbon resources. Development of this unique symbiosis in legumes is triggered by rhizobia-secreted nodulation (Nod) factors (NFs). NFs, upon perception, activate Nod signaling cascade, leading to reprogramming of host cell (root) developmental networks to pave way for accommodating rhizobial symbionts. A long-cherished goal of legume-rhizobia symbiosis research is to extend this symbiotic nitrogen-fixing capacity to cereal plants such as rice. As a part of achieving this ultimate goal, in this work, initially we expressed legume-specific Nod factor receptor protein (NFRP) genes, MtNFP, MtLYK3, and LjLNP, in rice and assessed their impact on NF perception and consequently triggered biological responses in roots. RNA-seq analysis revealed that roots of both control and NFRP-expressing plants perceive NFs, but NFs elicited contrasting impacts on gene expression patterns in roots of these plants. In contrast to suppressive role of NFs on expression of several genes involved in innate immune response in roots of control plants, in NFRP-expressing plants, NFs triggered massive upregulation of a vast array of genes associated with signaling, defense response, and secondary metabolism networks in roots. Expression of NFRPs in rice also conferred root hairs the ability to respond to NFs in terms of exhibiting deformations, albeit at low levels. Together, results of the study demonstrated that rice plants have inherent ability to perceive NFs, but the expression of legume NFRPs rendered rice roots hypersensitive to NFs. Keywords Oryza sativa . Legume Nod factor receptor proteins . Rice transformation . Nod factor perception . Symbiosis . Transcriptome Key Message • Extensive dissimilarities in gene expression patterns in control and NFRP-expressing rice plants in response to NFs suggest that the “putative NF receptors” of rice and the “NF receptors” of legumes transmit Nod signal differently, activating distinct signaling pathways to elicit disparate gene expression cascades in rice roots. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-019-01188-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Pallavolu M. Reddy [email protected]; [email protected] 1
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Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico Present address: Red de Manejo Biorracional
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