Immune responses in mice vaccinated with virus-like particles composed of the GP5 and M proteins of porcine reproductive
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Immune responses in mice vaccinated with virus-like particles composed of the GP5 and M proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Hae-Mi Nam • Kyung-Sil Chae • Young-Jo Song • Nak-Hyung Lee • Joong-Bok Lee • Seung-Yong Park • Chang-Seon Song • Kun-Ho Seo Sang-Moo Kang • Min-Chul Kim • In-Soo Choi
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Received: 6 April 2012 / Accepted: 9 December 2012 / Published online: 8 February 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Wien 2013
Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) induces reproductive failure in sows and respiratory problems in pigs of all ages. Live attenuated and inactivated vaccines are used on swine farms to control PRRSV. However, their protective efficacy against field strains of PRRSV remains questionable. New vaccines have been developed to improve the efficacy of these traditional vaccines. In this study, virus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the GP5 and M proteins of PRRSV were developed, and the capacity of the VLPs to elicit antigenspecific immunity was evaluated. Serum antibody titers and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00705-013-1612-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. H.-M. Nam K.-S. Chae Y.-J. Song N.-H. Lee J.-B. Lee S.-Y. Park C.-S. Song I.-S. Choi (&) Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea e-mail: [email protected] K.-H. Seo Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea S.-M. Kang Department of Biology, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA M.-C. Kim Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA I.-S. Choi Department of Veterinary Science Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
production of cytokines were measured in BALB/C mice immunized intramuscularly three times with different doses (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 lg) of the VLP vaccine. A commercial vaccine consisting of inactivated PRRSV and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. IgG titers to GP5 were significantly higher in all groups of mice vaccinated with the VLPs than in control mice. Neutralizing antibodies were only detected in mice vaccinated with 2.0 and 4.0 lg of the VLPs. Cytokine levels were determined in cell culture supernatants after in vitro stimulation of splenocytes with the VLPs for 3 days. Mice immunized with 4.0 lg of the VLPs produced a significantly higher amount of interferon-gamma (IFN-c) than mice immunized with the commercial inactivated PRRSV vaccine and PBS. In contrast, immunization with the commercial vaccine induced higher production of IL-4 and IL-10 in mice than mice vaccinated with VLPs. These data together demonstrate the capacity of VLPs to induce both neutralizing antibodies and I
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