Fabrication of Channel Circuit Electrodes and Flexible Graphene Resistive Sensors for Detecting Dinitrotoluene 2,4 (DNT)
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International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-020-00391-z
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Fabrication of Channel Circuit Electrodes and Flexible Graphene Resistive Sensors for Detecting Dinitrotoluene 2,4 (DNT) Steven Green1 · Sangyup Song2 · Byungki Kim3 Received: 20 January 2020 / Revised: 15 July 2020 / Accepted: 22 July 2020 © Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2020
Abstract This paper presents flexible explosive sensors possibly manufacturable using high volume techniques. The flexible sensors were created using channel circuit electrodes (CCE) coated with hydrazinium graphene (HG) by a sprayer. The channel circuits produced using paste fill of fine traces is a simple yet largely unreported technique for creating electrodes. The CCE were prepared by molding electrode patterns into resin and filling the channels with conductive paste, producing trace widths of 100 µm and thickness of 4 µm. Its resistance was 5–10 kΩ/each electrode of 60 cm long in serpentine shape. Sensors created using HG as the resistive layer on CCE showed their ability to detect 18.1 ppb of Dinitrotoluene 2,4 (DNT), a precursor to trinitrotoluene (TNT). To form a complete package, resistive type sensors could be made into a portable detection system using simple electronics; we demonstrated the system with battery powered portable electronics. Keywords Channel circuit · DNT · Graphene · Flexible sensor · Resistive-type sensor
1 Introduction Explosives detection is of great interest to law enforcement and the military, specifically the detection of Trinitrotoluene (TNT). TNT is widely used in military ordinance, improvised explosive devices and land mines, and finds its way into terrorist hands. In order to provide the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-020-00391-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Byungki Kim [email protected] Steven Green [email protected] Sangyup Song sangyups@voxtel‑inc.com 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, One University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, USA
2
Voxtel, Inc., 1900 Millrace Dr. Suite 113N, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
3
School of Mechatronics Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, 1600 Chungjeol‑ro, Byeongchun‑myeon, Cheonan, Chungnam 31253, Republic of Korea
safest environment in systematic manner, widespread use of detectors and their network are needed. Making this possible requires the detectors to be low cost and portable/small size. Portability could put the detectors in the hands of the law enforcers and soldiers in the field. Generally, complicated and expensive equipment has been required to detect the minute traces of the airborne chemicals associated with explosives [1]. However, low cost manufacturing technologies have been advanced to create new types of sensors/ devices that could deliver the low cost portable equipment needed. Roll-to-roll processing, one of mass produ
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