Fabrication of Fibrous Silica Zinc (FSZn) Composite for Enhanced Photocatalytic Desulphurization
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Fabrication of Fibrous Silica Zinc (FSZn) Composite for Enhanced Photocatalytic Desulphurization C. N. C. Hitam1 · A. A. Jalil1,2 · Y. O. Raji1,3
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Novel fibrous silica zinc ( FSZnIS) catalyst was synthesized by in-situ hydrothermal-microwave method and the catalyst was analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS) and photoluminescence (PL). The catalyst was employed in photocatalytic desulphurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in model fuel. The performance of FSZnIS was compared with bare fibrous silica (KCC-1), commercial ZnO and fibrous silica zinc prepared by impregnation method (FSZnIP). The photoactivity towards catalytic desulphurization of DBT is in the following order: FSZnIS (88.9%) > FSZnIP (62.4%) > KCC-1 (53.9%) > ZnO (44.4%). The best performance was achieved using 0.375 gL−1 of FSZnIS catalyst over 100 mgL−1 DBT in model fuel. This is predominantly due to the well distribution of ZnO on KCC-1, high surface area (411.2 m2 g−1), high number of Si–O–Zn bonds, appropriate band gap energy (2.95 eV), and proficient charge separation. These criteria mutually encouraged effective harvesting of visible light (420 nm) and good mobility of charge carriers for enhanced visible light driven performance. A kinetics study determined by Langmuir–Hinshelwood model demonstrated that the photodesulphurization obeyed the pseudo-first-order and adsorption was the rate-limiting step.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-020-01275-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * A. A. Jalil [email protected] 1
School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
2
Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 0248 ATBU, Nigeria
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Topics in Catalysis
Graphic Abstract
Keywords Fabrication · Fibrous silica zinc · Hydrothermal-microwave · Photocatalytic desulphurization · Dibenzothiophene
1 Introduction The developing of the automotive industry has caused the everyday combustion of large amount of gasoline and diesel, therefore led to the discharge of sulphur oxide ( SOx) as part of the vital causes of haze, air pollution, acid rain and other environmental problems [1, 2]. For that critical reason, many attempts have been taken to limit sulphur compounds in fuel in many countries around the world. The conventional removal process of sulphur in fuel is known as hydrodesulphurization (HDS), which operating at high pressure and temperature, and require high purity of hydrogen. Besides, HDS is ineffecti
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