Fibroin gene expression and antioxidant enzymes are elevated in Bombyx mori when reared on preferred host plants
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Fibroin gene expression and antioxidant enzymes are elevated in Bombyx mori when reared on preferred host plants Ruth Lalfelpuii 1 & Souvik Ghatak 1 & Sarathbabu Subbarayan 1 & Bidyut Nath Choudhury 2 & Guruswami Gurusubramanian 3 & Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar 1 Received: 15 December 2019 / Accepted: 7 April 2020 # Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Silk fibroin filaments are natural proteins produced by silkworm, Bombyx mori, which is bounded by sericin polymers in silk thread used in the cocoon. Fibroin gene expression and antioxidant enzymes were studied in the midgut of Bombyx mori larvae when reared on tropical mulberry plant varieties (Jorhat, TR10, BC2-59, and Hmute). In this study, the B. mori strain FC2 x FC1 showed a high expression of fibroin at both mRNA and protein levels when reared on four plant varieties. B. mori strains FC1 x FC2 (reared on Local, Jorhat and BC2-59) and CSR4 x CSR2 (reared on Jorhat, TR10 and BC2-59) had a higher level of expression of fibroin protein. The strain FC2 X FC1 showed relatively higher SOD and moderate catalase activities. This study reveals the differential expression of fibroin and tolerance to stress in B. mori strains which might justify the rationality of using the most suitable host plants and economically viable strains (FC2 X FC1) for producing commercially the best quality silk threads. Keywords Antioxidant enzymes . Bombyx mori . Fibroin . Silk gland . Midgut . Bivoltine
Abbreviation B. mori Bombyx mori
Introduction Bombyx mori (L.) feeds exclusively on mulberry foliage for its nutrition and in turn, produces proteinous silk (Chinnaswamy et al. 2012). Silk, a proteinaceous fiber is synthesized with complete metabolism of leaf protein by the silkworm. Exogenous and endogenous sources severely influence the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-020-00499-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796004, India
2
Research Extension Center, Central Silk Board, 796001 Aizawl, Mizoram, India
3
Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796004, India
metabolic interactions as well as elevate the stress level throughout the insect’s lifetime (Michael and Subramanyam 2014). Silkworm has a well-developed antioxidant mechanism to counter the toxicity of ROS inside cells (Krishnan and Kodrik 2006) and this defense mechanism is mainly subsidized by various antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase (Jena et al. 2013; Berbehenn et al. 2001). These antioxidant enzymes and proteins play a vital role in the self-defense of insects. The variation in antioxidant enzyme activity of mulberry silkworm reared on different host plants is less known. The accumulation of storage protein in the hemolymph of silkworm larvae was directly induced by the dietary richness (Nagata a
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