Field assay using a native entomopathogenic nematode for biological control of the weevil Phyrdenus muriceus in organic
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Field assay using a native entomopathogenic nematode for biological control of the weevil Phyrdenus muriceus in organic eggplant crops in Argentina Daiana Eliceche . Matı´as Rusconi . Matı´as Rosales . Augusto Salas . Fernanda Achinelly
Received: 20 November 2019 / Accepted: 4 May 2020 International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) 2020
Abstract The weevil Phyrdenus muriceus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an emergent pest of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) crops in the humid Pampa of Argentina. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) constitute an effective and environmentally safe strategy within integrated pest management. The efficacy of a native EPN Heterorhabditis bacteriophora SUP isolate for the control of P. muriceus was evaluated. Larvae and adults were susceptible to the nematode in laboratory assays. Field evaluations indicated a slight reduction of P. muriceus populations, evidenced after a second application by a decrease of the foliar damage in the eggplant crops. Adults of P. muriceus parasitized by H. bacteriophora were observed in the field one month after the second Handling Editor: Ralf Ehlers. D. Eliceche (&) M. Rusconi F. Achinelly Centro de Estudios Parasitolo´gicos y de Vectores – (CEPAVE-CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina e-mail: [email protected] M. Rosales Centro de Estudios Parasitolo´gicos y de Vectores – (CEPAVE-CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP) - Comisio´n de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), 1900 La Plata, Argentina A. Salas Instituto de Microbiologı´a y Zoologı´a Agrı´cola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnologı´a Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
application. The present study is the first assessment of EPNs against P. muriceus under field conditions, and the first report of their use in the humid Pampa, one of the major agricultural areas of Argentina. Keywords Biocontrol Curculionidae Entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditidae
Introduction Phyrdenus muriceus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a pest that attacks almost all Solanaceae crops. This weevil has been recorded as a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) pest in North America, Central America, Caribbean, and South America regions (Grousset et al. 2015). Also, it is an important potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) pest mainly in Brazil (Novo et al. 2002), Bolivia (Vreugdenhil et al. 2011), Colombia, Paraguay, Uruguay (Cisneros 1999) and in crops of cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) from Peru´ (Novo et al. 2002). In Argentina, P. muriceus has a special preference for eggplant, potato and tomato crops, in decreasing order, but also has the capacity to feed on wild Solanaceae, causing damage to both aerial and underground parts of the plant (Novo et al. 2002). During the last five years, it is considered to be an emerging pest that causes significant losses in the organic production of a main horticultural area of the central-eastern
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