Soil application of entomopathogenic nematodes suppresses the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica in cucumber
- PDF / 795,983 Bytes
- 9 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 79 Downloads / 193 Views
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Soil application of entomopathogenic nematodes suppresses the root‑knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica in cucumber Fatemeh Sadat Sayedain1 · Masoud Ahmadzadeh1 · Somayeh Fattah‑Hosseini2 · Helge B. Bode3 Received: 1 November 2019 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 © Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft 2020
Abstract Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cultivation in commercial greenhouses occupies an important section of vegetable production in Iran. Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica considered the most destructive soil-borne pathogen in cucumber growing greenhouses. In this study, biocontrol activity of three species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs, i.e., Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) was determined on M. javanica infecting cucumber under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. The aqueous suspension of infective juveniles (IJs) was used in five different inoculation times (i.e., 1 or 2 weeks pre-inoculation, simultaneously, and 1 or 2 weeks post-inoculation of the pathogenic nematode into the cucumber soil). Results showed that S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora were capable of decreasing all the pathogenicity indices (number of galls, eggs and egg masses) of M. javanica in growth chamber, as well as greenhouse conditions. The best application time for EPNs was determined as 1 week after post-inoculation of M. javanica into the soil. Although EPNs showed significant inhibition in 25 IJ/cm2 (3.8 IJ/cm3) of soil, the best biocontrol activity was observed in 125 IJ/cm2 (19.1 IJ/cm3). Furthermore, the highest reduction in pathogenicity indices was observed when EPNs-colonized cadavers were used as carrier of biocontrol agents. Significant increase in plant growth indices (e.g., fresh/dry weight of shoots/roots) was recorded for all treatments except S. feltiae. Altogether, our results provide a novel insight into the applicability of EPNs against the root-knot nematode M. javanica on cucumber. Further investigations are warranted to evaluate the commercial usability of the agents in cucumber growing greenhouses in Iran. Keywords Biological control · Steinernema · Heterorhabditis · Soil-born pathogen · Plant disease
Introduction Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) with producing 1.7 million tons in 2016 is one of the widely cultivated vegetables around the globe. Iran was ranked in fourth place in cucumber and gherkin production following China, Russia and Turkey (FAOSTAT 2017). Indeed, gourd plants (Cucurbitaceae) are increasingly grown on a large scale in Iran, in particular * Fatemeh Sadat Sayedain [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2
Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
3
Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
cucumber which is cultivated in both the greenhouse facilities and open areas where cli
Data Loading...
