First report on the detection of fumonisin biosynthetic (FUM1) gene in Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum asso
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First report on the detection of fumonisin biosynthetic (FUM1) gene in Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum associated with sugarcane diseases Rachele De Torres1 · Fe Dela Cueva1 · Mark Angelo Balendres1 Received: 23 October 2019 / Revised: 21 February 2020 / Accepted: 5 March 2020 © Indian Phytopathological Society 2020
Abstract Several Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum strains produce fumonisin, a mycotoxin that negatively affects animals and humans. These two Fusarium species also cause Pokkah boeng and are associated with red rot-like disease, two important sugarcane diseases. In this study, we determined the presence of FUM1, a gene that is required for fumonisin biosynthesis, in 21 isolates of plant pathogenic Fusarium species associated with sugarcane Pokkah boeng and the red rot-like disease. Out of the 21 Fusarium isolates, four F. proliferatum and one F. verticillioides isolates conferred the FUM1 gene as detected by repeated polymerase chain reaction assay. The result indicates that pathogenicity and fumonisin biosynthesis are likely two separate events as other isolates, which did not confer the FUM1 gene, still induced Pokkah boeng and red rot. This study reports, for the first time, the occurrence of fumonisin-producing F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum that cause Pokkah boeng and red rot-like disease in sugarcane. Keywords Mycotoxin · Saccharum officinarum · Fumonisin · Pokkah boeng · Red rot
Introduction Fusarium species can cause various crop diseases (Waller and Brayford 1990). Some of these plant pathogenic Fusarium spp. are associated with Pokkah boeng (Viswanathan et al. 2017; Samaco and Dela Cueva 2018), an important foliar disease of sugarcane. Recently, Fusarium spp. has been also associated with a red rot-like disease in sugarcane (Dela Cueva et al. 2019). Diseases caused by Fusarium spp. are important because of their (negative) economic impact to the sugarcane industry, resulting from reduced cane yield and sugar quality (Viswanathan and Rao 2011). Fusarium species can also produce mycotoxins such as the fumonisins. Consumption of food that has been contaminated with high levels of fumonisins has been shown to cause mycotoxicosis in animals and humans (Marasas 2001; Antonissen et al. 2014). Thus, plant pathogenic Fusarium * Mark Angelo Balendres [email protected] 1
Institute of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031 Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
species are not only threats to food security—by reducing yield—but also a food safety issue—by contaminating foods with mycotoxins. However, not all Fusarium species are capable of producing fumonisins. Fumonisins are only produced by strains that confer the Fumonisin biosynthetic (FUM) gene clusters (FUM1) which are required for fumonisin biosynthesis (Desjardins et al. 2002; Bojja et al. 2004; Waalwijk et al. 2004; Brown et al. 2007). There is an extensive body of knowledge on the contamination of mycotoxigenic fungal specie
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