Emergence of Fusarium verticillioides in Finland
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Emergence of Fusarium verticillioides in Finland Tatiana Yu. Gagkaeva
&
T. Yli-Mattila
Accepted: 21 September 2020 # Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2020
Abstract In summer 2019, perithecia superficial on the leaf sheath near the base of the stem were visually observed on stalks of winter wheat cultivar Ceylon in Southwest Finland. Mycological examination and translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene sequence of single ascospore isolates determined that they were Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (teleomorph: Gibberella moniliformis Wineland). According to the published information, neither the anamorph nor the teleomorph stages of this pathogen have been previously detected in cereals in Finland and Scandinavian countries. The emergence of this fungus is probably caused by the influence of climate change, which may favour the distribution, development and adaptation of introduced mycotoxigenic fungi. Detection of a fumonisinproducing F. verticillioides allows the prediction of changes in the pattern of grain mycotoxin contamination in northern European countries. A mutation in sexual reproduction was also detected. The mature perithecia contained three types of spores: straight one- or threeseptate and abnormal rounded ascospores.
T. Y. Gagkaeva (*) Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR), St. Petersburg, Pushkin, Russia e-mail: [email protected] T. Yli-Mattila Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Keywords Fungi . Gibberella moniliformis . Winter wheat . Finland
Cereals occupy vast regions of farmland and are widely cultivated around the world and changes in the pathogenic fungi found on them are therefore a research priority. Several factors influence the occurrence of Fusarium infection in cereal plants, among which climatic factors, including temperature and humidity, are of prime importance. The problem of expanding ranges is especially acute when it comes to toxin-producing fungi. Recently published results show a northward expansion of pathogens as the climate warms and winters become more survivable for thermophilic species (Garrett et al. 2006; Ward et al. 2008). The thermophilic pathogenic fungi are at the centre of these changes and have become common in the colder northern territories, where their preferred host plants have also begun to be actively grown in warming climates. We found perithecia on the stems of winter wheat in a field located in the southwest Finland region. It was initially presumed that these were perithecia of Monographella nivalis (Schaffnit) E. Müll., since in the springtime there were symptoms of snow mould on the plants in this field. Studies were then carried out to precisely identify the species of the perithecia detected on winter wheat which were in the results determined to be Gibberella moniliformis Wineland (anamorph: Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg). In the first week of July 2019, in a field located in the Southwes
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