Flake-like glass nanoparticles reinforced natural polymeric scaffold as a promising substrate for bone regeneration
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Flake-like glass nanoparticles reinforced natural polymeric scaffold as a promising substrate for bone regeneration Mojdeh Mohseni 1 & Zahra Dezfouli 2 Received: 5 March 2020 / Accepted: 26 May 2020 # The Polymer Society, Taipei 2020
Abstract Natural polymeric scaffolds with unique characteristics can be considered as the best candidates for tissue engineering applications. But improve the mechanical properties of these scaffolds is a critical factor. In the current study glass nanoparticles with a flake-like morphology were used as filler in the chitosan-alginate scaffold. To understand the effect of surface modification, silane groups were created on these nanoparticles. SEM, FTIR, TGA, and XRD were used for scaffolds characterization. Swelling, degradation and mechanical trials are the other analyses to scaffold examination. Grafting of silane on nanoparticles was successful and the grafting ratio was 2.2 wt%. Pore shape and size were changed by using pure and modified nanoparticles. The swelling and degradation trend of the scaffold had a decreasing manner by applying nanoparticles. The polymeric scaffold compression modulus has improved 2.09 times. Our results show that, although glass nanoparticles with plate structure can make scaffolds with better mechanical features the presence of other functionalities on their surface is the appropriate means to gain better mechanical behavior. Keywords Chitosan . Alginate . Glass-flake nanoparticles . Surface modification
Introduction Bone disease is a global concern as far as it is estimated, there will be 5 million people with bone disease in the world by 2025 [1]. Bone defects such as fractures and tumors can hamper humans to continue their normal life. Therefore, the use of tissue engineering scaffold is one of particular importance [2, 3]. In this regard, scaffolds should have some virtues according to natural tissues. Mechanical properties and suitable pore structure in the mentioned scaffolds are the main traits that are necessary for scaffold designing [4–7]. Varied biomaterials have been utilized for bone tissue engineering up to now [8–11], but among them, natural polymers have attracted much attention due to their biodegradability [12], biocompatibility [13] and mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of cell
* Mojdeh Mohseni [email protected] 1
Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
2
Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
[14]. Hence synthesis the natural polymeric scaffold with improved specific characteristics can be a useful tool to get better cell-substrate interaction and finally proper tissue regeneration [15, 16]. Chitosan is a deacetylated form of chitin with biocompatibility and biodegradability properties which makes this polysaccharide as a suitable biomaterial in tissue engineering approaches [17, 18]. Despite many advantages of this polymer in biomedical applications, lack of desired mechanical
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