Formulation and characterization of nanoemulsion from Alhagi maurorum essential oil and study of its antimicrobial, anti
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Formulation and characterization of nanoemulsion from Alhagi maurorum essential oil and study of its antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and plasmid curing activity against antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria Mehdi Hassanshahian 1,2
&
Amir Saadatfar 1 & Fatemeh Masoumipour 2
Received: 14 May 2019 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Nanoemulsion technology is an alternative candidate to overcome antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this research was nanoemulsion production from the essential oil of Alhagi maurorum and the characterization of this nanostructure. Nanoemulsion of essential oil from A. maurorum was prepared using the ionotropic gelation method and chitosan as a nanocarrier. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The effect of nanoemulsion on the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and plasmid curing of six antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria (P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumonia, A. baumannii, B. cereus) was evaluated. The results of this study showed that nanoparticles had a spherical shape and smooth topology. The mean size were 172 ± 4 nm and Zeta potentials was +28.6 mv. The results of antibacterial activity confirmed that nanoemulsion of essential oil had higher inhibition against bacteria compared to free essential oil. Also, this nanoemulsion had antibiofilm activity. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration for Biofilm (MBCB) were determined for nanoemulsion against the biofilm of pathogenic bacteria. The results have shown that the MIC value for A. baumannii is 12.5 mg ml −1 and for E. coli this value is 1.75 mg ml −1. This finding means that MIC values were highest for A. baumannii and lowest for E. coli. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of nanoemulsion against bacterial biofilm was significant (P < 0.05). This nanoemulsion also had a remarkable effect the curing of R-plasmid of three antibiotic-resistant bacteria. According to GC-MS analysis of A. maurorum essential oil, the main compounds were oxygenated sesquiterpenes and hydrocarbons. Nanoemulsion of A. maurorum had the potential to use as suitable antimicrobial agents against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Keywords Antibiotic resistance . Biological activities . Biofilm . Essential oil
Introduction Despite the dramatic advances in medical knowledge and technology, infectious diseases account for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. Extensive administration
* Mehdi Hassanshahian [email protected] 1
Department of Medicinal plants, Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production (RTIPP), Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
of antibiotics has contributed to emerge and spread antibioticresistant bacteria. Also, when bacteria enter biofilm forms the resistance to antimicrobial agents increase. A biofilm, as the pred
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