Gas-sensing properties and in situ diffuse-reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy study of diethyl ether ad
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in Huanga) State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China; and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
Ning Wang State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China (Received 28 January 2016; accepted 18 May 2016)
Diethyl ether is widely used in the fields of diesel engines, agriculture, food, chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, and medical industries. It is necessary to carry out real-time monitoring of this molecule due to its harmful effects on human health. In this study, a highly sensitive SnO2/rGO gas-sensing material has been prepared by a hydrothermal method. The surface adsorption and reaction processes between the SnO2/rGO gas-sensing film and diethyl ether have been studied by the in situ diffuse-reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy at different temperatures. The results show that the SnO2/rGO gas-sensing material has high sensitivity to diethyl ether, and the lowest detection limit can reach 1 ppm, and that ethyl ðCH3 CH2 Þ, oxethyl ðCH3 CH2 O Þ, ethanol (CH3CH2OH), formaldehyde (HCHO), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), ethylene (C2H4), H2O, and CO2 surface species are formed during diethyl ether adsorption at different temperatures. A possible mechanism of the reaction process is discussed.
I. INTRODUCTION
Diethyl ether is a common organic solvent that is widely used in the fields of diesel engines, agriculture, food, chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, and medical industries.1–4 Due to its volatility, pungent odor, anesthetic effect, flammability, and explosive nature, diethyl ether poses a great risk to human health and safety. Prolonged inhalation of even low concentrations can lead to headache, dizziness, proteinuria, reduction of red blood cells, and even death.5–7 Consequently, the maximum permissible concentration-time weighted average and permissible concentration-short term exposure limit for diethyl ether are 300 mg/m3 (91 ppm) and 500 mg/m3 (151.1 ppm), respectively, in China.5 Therefore, it is necessary to carry out real-time monitoring of this molecule. To date, many methods have been devised for the detection of diethyl ether at the ppm or ppb level, such as gas chromatography (GC),8 GC/mass spectrometer (MS),9 a surface acoustic wave method,10 a gas test-tube Contributing Editor: José A. Varela a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2016.219
method,11 and chemiluminescence and cataluminescence methods.9,12 However, these methods are associated with various disadvantages, being either expensive and/or timeconsuming, requiring complex experimental apparatus or large instrument volume, or involving toxic solvents or reagents.8–12 On the other hand, gas sensors based on metal oxide semiconducto
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