Genetic and transcriptional dissection of resistance to Claviceps purpurea in the durum wheat cultivar Greenshank
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Genetic and transcriptional dissection of resistance to Claviceps purpurea in the durum wheat cultivar Greenshank Anna Gordon1 · Curt McCartney2 · Ron E. Knox3 · Nelzo Ereful1 · Colin W. Hiebert2 · David J. Konkin4 · Ya‑Chih Hsueh4 · Vijai Bhadauria3 · Mara Sgroi5 · Donal M. O’Sullivan6 · Caroline Hadley6 · Lesley A. Boyd1 · Jim G. Menzies2 Received: 13 November 2019 / Accepted: 29 January 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Key message Four QTL for ergot resistance (causal pathogen Claviceps purpurea) have been identified in the durum wheat cultivar Greenshank. Abstract Claviceps purpurea is a pathogen of grasses that infects flowers, replacing the seed with an ergot sclerotium. Ergot presents a significant problem to rye, barley and wheat, in particular hybrid seed production systems. In addition, there is evidence that the highly toxic alkaloids that accumulate within sclerotia can cross-contaminate otherwise healthy grain. Host resistance to C. purpurea is rare, few resistance loci having been identified. In this study, four ergot resistance loci are located on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 5A and 5B in the durum wheat cv. Greenshank. Ergot resistance was assessed through analysis of phenotypes associated with C. purpurea infection, namely the number of inoculated flowers that produced sclerotia, or resulted in ovary death but no sclerotia, the levels of honeydew produced, total sclerotia weight and average sclerotia weight and size per spike. Ergot testing was undertaken in Canada and the UK. A major effect QTL, QCp.aafc.DH-2A, was detected in both the Canadian and UK experiments and had a significant effect on honeydew production levels. QCp.aafc.DH-5B had the biggest influence on total sclerotia weight per spike. QCp.aafc.DH-1B was only detected in the Canadian experiments and QCp.aafc.DH-5A in the UK experiment. An RNASeq analysis, undertaken to identify wheat differentially expressed genes associated with different combinations of the four ergot resistance QTL, revealed a disproportionate number of DEGs locating to the QCp.aafc.DH-1B, QCp.aafc.DH-2A and QCp.aafc.DH-5B QTL intervals.
Introduction
Communicated by Albrecht E. Melchinger. Anna Gordon and Curt McCartney have contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03561-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Ergot, caused by the fungal pathogen Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. (Cp), is a disease of cereals and grasses that infects female flowers at anthesis (Fig. 1; Menzies and Turkington 2015). Although commonly associated with open-flower pollinating species such as rye, ergot is also problematic for hexaploid, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and tetraploid, durum wheat Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn. Ergot is a significant problem for hybrid
* Anna Gordon [email protected]
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Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
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