The study of genetic diversity in a minicore collection of durum wheat genotypes using agro-morphological traits and mol
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The study of genetic diversity in a minicore collection of durum wheat genotypes using agro‑morphological traits and molecular markers N. Shaygan1 · A. Etminan2 · I. Majidi Hervan1 · R. Azizinezhad1 · R. Mohammadi3 Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt. 2020
Abstract The evaluation of genetic diversity in a gene pool contributes to the effective selection of genotypes and truncates the breeding time. In the present study, 96 durum wheat genotypes were evaluated for (1) genotypic diversity using two DNA marker systems: CAAT box-derived polymorphism (CBDP) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers and (2) phenotypic diversity using several drought-adaptive traits under rainfed conditions for two cropping seasons. Our results revealed that the ISSR primers produced 99 bands across the genotypes, the average of which was 6 fragments per primer, whereas CBDP primers generated 70 polymorphic bands, with an average of 5.3 fragments per primer. The values of marker index (MI) and polymorphism information content (PIC) indicated that CBDP markers were more efficient than ISSR markers for detection of genetic diversity in durum wheat. The average of PIC values for the CBDP and ISSR markers were 0.40 and 0.23, respectively. Based on the values of Shannon index (I) ICARDA population had a higher than CIMMYT population and the heterozygosis values confirmed these results. Dendrogram was created with a neighbor-joining clustering method. The studied genotypes were divided into five and seven groups based on data from the CBDP and ISSR markers, respectively, which was supported by principal coordinate analyses. The results of genotype by trait biplot analysis showed different patterns of interaction accessions and traits across years. High level of diversity among the studied accessions based on each studies trait was observed. Keywords Durum wheat · ISSR · CBDP · Genetic diversity · Phenotypic diversity
Introduction Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) is the second-most cultivated species of wheat after common wheat. Durum wheat is a tetraploid wheat, which mainly used to make pasta. While it is originated in the Eastern Mediterranean, because of its great ability and capacity to Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-020-00073-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * A. Etminan [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Breeding, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
3
Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Sararood Branch, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran
yield well under various conditions, it has been farmed in Iran for many years (Heidari et al. 2016). The genotype by trait (GT) biplot, as suggested by Yan and Rajcan (2002), can be used to evaluate the variation of the genetic materials, explore m
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