Determination of genetic parameters for inheritance of grain protein content in durum wheat
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Determination of genetic parameters for inheritance of grain protein content in durum wheat R. Dragov1 Received: 10 March 2020 / Accepted: 29 April 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt. 2020
Abstract The aim of the study is to determine the genetic architecture and heritability of a basic quantitative trait related to grain quality of durum wheat. For this purpose, a half diallel cross was made in the period 2014–2016. Five modern durum wheat varieties were crossed to produce hybrid combinations. The testing period allowed for the cultivation of three F 1 and two F2 generations. Parents and hybrids were grown under field conditions in three replications using a randomized block method. Protein content in the grain was measured by the standard method for its determination. The mean values of the trait have been statistically processed, and this has provided useful information for improving the quality of durum wheat grain. The heritability of the trait is influenced by additive variance and the dominant parameters. The larger dominant parameters determine that dominance plays a major role in the trait expression. This is also evidenced by manifestations of dominance and overdominance. In our cases, the selected parents contain more dominant genes in their genotype. The values of the trait increase with the accumulation of recessive genes. The varieties Victoria and Predel have more recessive genes in most cases than other tested parents. The heritability of the trait is mainly influenced by simple additive-dominant genetic system, but under certain conditions the presence of complementary epistasis is possible. Heritability coefficients indicate that effective selection of a genotype by phenotype is possible, but it should start in later segregated generations. Keywords Durum wheat · Grain protein content · Inheritance · Genetic parameters · Graphical analysis
Introduction Protein content in durum wheat is an important quantitative trait related to nutritional value and technological qualities. In most cases, higher protein content in the grain is associated with a premium for the farmer. Planning to improve the trait related to grain quality involves the creation of new high-quality varieties. The use of intraspecific hybridization is a major method in breeding programs. The results from the diallel crosses processed statistically by Hayman (1954) and Jinks (1954) give a very clear idea of the heritability of various polygenic traits, such as protein content in the grain. Results are indicating opportunities for optimization of selection in wheat breeding programs.
Communicated by M. Taylor. * R. Dragov [email protected] 1
Many authors investigating the mechanisms of heritability of grain protein content clarify its genetic architecture and identify all types of gene action responsible for the expression of the trait. Variation in gene action depends to a large extent on the parental forms involved in the study, the environment and the interaction among them. Researchers Huo et al. (1996) and Akram et a
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