Genome diversity and population structure analysis of Iranian landrace and improved barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) genotyp
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Genome diversity and population structure analysis of Iranian landrace and improved barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes using arbitrary functional gene-based molecular markers Diyar Abubakr Ahmed . Nawroz Abdul-razzak Tahir . Sirwan Hassan Salih . Reza Talebi
Received: 23 April 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare) is one of the earliest domesticated crop plants, which originated in Fertile Crescent. Genetic diversity analysis in primary gene pool and landraces is an effective strategy for germplasm conservation and utilization in breeding programs. In this study, Eightytwo barley genotypes comprised 22 Iranian improved cultivars and 60 landrace accessions collected from different zones of Iran were assumed for genetic diversity analysis using three gene targeted markers, start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism, conserved DNA-derived polymorphism (CDDP) and CAAT boxderived polymorphism (CBDP) in comparison with sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. A total of 40 primers (10 primers from each marker) detected genetic polymorphism among barley genotypes. Four different marker types showed high level of polymorphism and SRAP markers produced higher number of polymorphic bands (67) in comparisons with SCoT, CDDP and CBDP. Average PIC D. A. Ahmed R. Talebi (&) Department of Agronomy & Plant Breeding, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] N. A. Tahir Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq S. H. Salih College of Biology, University of Garmian, Kefri, Iraq
values for SCoT, CDDP, CBDP and SRAP were 0.33, 0.37, 0.37 and 0.31, respectively. Marker index (MI) in SRAP and CBDP markers was higher than SCoT and CDDP markers. Cluster analysis using CDDP, CBDP and SRAP markers grouped barley genotypes in three distinct groups, while SCoT markers divided genotypes in four clusters. There were positive correlations between similarity matrixes obtained by each marker types. The results from cluster analysis and STRUCTURE analysis using combined data grouped barley genotypes in three clusters and the grouping of genotypes was strongly in agreement with their origins. Results showed that genotypes from west and north-west of Iran grouped in distinct clusters from those originated from north-east and center of Iran. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of using gene targeted molecular marker for genetic diversity analysis in barley. Our results showed the efficiency of these markers for genetic diversity analysis in barley and their potential for genome diversity and germplasm conservation. Keywords BARLEY Landrace Cultivar Genetic diversity Population structure Gene-based markers
Introduction Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a self-pollinating diploid (2n = 2x = 14) cereal crops, which is spread
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