Genome-wide characterization of the GRF family and their roles in response to salt stress in Gossypium
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Genome-wide characterization of the GRF family and their roles in response to salt stress in Gossypium Jun-Feng Cao1,2,3, Jin-Quan Huang1, Xia Liu4, Chao-Chen Huang1,5, Zi-Shou Zheng1,3, Xiu-Fang Zhang1, Xiao-Xia Shangguan1, Ling-Jian Wang1, Yu-Gao Zhang4, Jonathan F. Wendel6, Corrinne E. Grover6* and Zhi-Wen Chen1,7*
Abstract Background: Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important world-wide fiber crop but salt stress limits cotton production in coastal and other areas. Growth regulation factors (GRFs) play regulatory roles in response to salt stress, but their roles have not been studied in cotton under salt stress. Results: We identified 19 GRF genes in G. raimondii, 18 in G. arboreum, 34 in G. hirsutum and 45 in G. barbadense, respectively. These GRF genes were phylogenetically analyzed leading to the recognition of seven GRF clades. GRF genes from diploid cottons (G. raimondii and G. arboreum) were largely retained in allopolyploid cotton, with subsequent gene expansion in G. barbadense relative to G. hirsutum. Most G. hirsutum GRF (GhGRF) genes are preferentially expressed in young and growing tissues. To explore their possible role in salt stress, we used qRT-PCR to study expression responses to NaCl treatment, showing that five GhGRF genes were down-regulated in leaves. RNA-seq experiments showed that seven GhGRF genes exhibited decreased expression in leaves under NaCl treatment, three of which (GhGRF3, GhGRF4, and GhGRF16) were identified by both RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. We also identified six and three GRF genes that exhibit decreased expression under salt stress in G. arboreum and G. barbadense, respectively. Consistent with its lack of leaf withering or yellowing under the salt treatment conditions, G. arboreum had better salt tolerance than G. hirsutum and G. barbadense. Our results suggest that GRF genes are involved in salt stress responses in Gossypium. Conclusion: In summary, we identified candidate GRF genes that were involved in salt stress responses in cotton. Keywords: Growth regulating factor, Cotton, Phylogenetics, Organ-specific expression, Salt stress
* Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 6 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA 1 National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are i
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