Glycine sensor based on 1D defective phononic crystal structure
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Glycine sensor based on 1D defective phononic crystal structure Fatma Khateib1 · Ahmed Mehaney1 · Arafa H. Aly1 Received: 14 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Phononic crystals (PnCs) provide an innovative platform for sensing biomaterials. In this work, we introduce a defective 1D-PnC from lead-epoxy multilayer with a central defect layer filled with glycine. The transmission spectra of the incident acoustic wave are calculated numerically by the transfer matrix method. The working principle of this sensor is to sense how much change occurs in the concentration of glycine. Any change in glycine concentration affects the acoustic properties of glycine directly. Thereby the central resonance frequency in the transmission spectrum shifted. In this study, we firstly made optimization for the type of the structure (symmetric/asymmetric), the number of periods, the glycine layer thickness, and glycine concentration to get the best sensor performance. The proposed sensor provided high sensitivity (S = 969.973 kHz) over just a molar ratio range 0–0.383 mol/L. Moreover, we calculated other performance parameters such as the quality factor, which reached a maximum value of 13,497, sensor resolution of 3.49 × 105 Hz, and figure of merit of 4.2. Based on the obtained results, this sensor has many merits such as it is designed from low cost materials, the ease of fabrication, high sensitivity, and absence of any electronic component in its design. Keywords Glycine · Sensor · Phononic crystal · Resonance frequency · Acoustic wave · Band gap
1 Introduction Glycine (Gly) has the main role of functioning as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord and brain of the human body (Xu and Gong 2010). It also binds to glycine receptors in adult CNS for inhabitant post-synaptic neurons (Zhao et al. 2018). Previous researchers have documented neuroprotective effects of glycine in anoxia, ischemic reperfusion, hypoxia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Liu et al. 2007; Yang et al. 2000; Zhong et al. 2003). In addition to that, glycine is a major nonessential amino acid that has several roles in human immunity, metabolism, survival, development, and cytoprotection systems (Lu et al. 2017). It is therefore of great and significant role to * Arafa H. Aly [email protected]; [email protected] 1
TH‑PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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safe living. On the other hand, glycine deficiency can cause various pathological syndromes such as startle disease, stiff baby syndrome, impairments, seizures, and delay in development. Deficiency is also responsible for diabetes and cardiovascular disease (López-Corcuera et al. 2018; O’Reilly et al. 2018; Chen et al. 2018). Because glycine is a very important material to humans, periodic testing is necessary. Phononic crystal (PC) has recently been used in various biological and
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