GOLPH3 overexpression correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with clinically N0 oral tongue ca
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RESEARCH
Open Access
GOLPH3 overexpression correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with clinically N0 oral tongue cancer Huan Li1,2†, Ling Guo1,3†, Shu-Wei Chen1,2†, Xiao-Hui Zhao1,4, Shi-Min Zhuang5, Li-Ping Wang1,2, Li-Bing Song1,4 and Ming Song1,2*
Abstract Background: Overexpression of GOLPH3 (Golgi phosphoprotein 3, 34 kDa) is associated with the progression of many solid tumor types leading to an unfavorable clinical outcome. We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of GOLPH3 expression in the development and progression of clinically N0 (cN0) oral tongue cancer. Methods: Real-time PCR and Western blotting analyses were employed to examine GOLPH3 expression in four oral tongue cancer cell lines, primary cultured normal tongue epithelial cells (TEC), eight matched pairs of oral tongue cancer samples and adjacent noncancerous tissue samples from the same patient. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to examine GOLPH3 protein expression in paraffin-embedded tissues from 179 cN0 oral tongue cancer patients. Statistical analyses were applied to evaluate the diagnostic value and the associations of GOLPH3 expression with clinical parameters. Results: GOLPH3 mRNA and protein was up-regulated in oral tongue cancer cell lines and cancerous tissues compared with that in primary cultured normal tongue epithelial cells (TEC) and adjacent noncancerous tissue samples. GOLPH3 protein level was positively correlated with clinical stage (P = 0.001), T classification (P = 0.001), N classification (P = 0.043) and recurrence (P = 0.009). Patients with higher GOLPH3 expression had shorter overall survival time, whereas those with lower GOLPH3 expression had longer survival time. Conclusion: Our results suggest GOLPH3 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis for cN0 oral tongue cancer patients and may represent a novel and useful prognostic indicator for cN0 oral tongue cancer. Keywords: GOLPH3, Prognosis, cN0 oral tongue cancer
Background Oral cancer is the tenth most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide, and cancers of the oral cavity accounted for 263,900 cases worldwide in 2008 [1]. The tongue is the most cancer-prone intraoral site in most populations studied, and the most common pathological type of oral tongue cancer is squamous cell carcinoma [2]. Although intensive efforts have been made in primary prevention and improving therapy, morbidity and * Correspondence: [email protected] † Equal contributors 1 State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China 2 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
mortality rates for oral tongue cancer remain steadily high and are rising in a number of countries. Due to its highly invasive nature, oral tongue cancer frequently leads to severe defects in speech, mastication and deglutition, as well as cancer-related death. During the last three decades, the long-term survi
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