Overexpression of PREX1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma indicates poor prognosis
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Overexpression of PREX1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma indicates poor prognosis Shu‑Cheng Wan1 · Hao Wu1 · Hao Li1 · Wei‑Wei Deng1 · Yao Xiao1 · Cong‑Cong Wu1 · Lei‑Lei Yang1 · Wen‑Feng Zhang1,2 · Zhi‑Jun Sun1,2 Received: 20 February 2020 / Accepted: 25 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger (P-Rex) proteins control many fundamental cellular functions including cell migration, actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and adhesion in many cancers. However, P-Rex1 expression and its prognostic effect and possible clinical value are not clearly elucidated in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, OSCC tissue microarrays were used to verify the expression levels of P-Rex1, coinhibitory immune checkpoints and tumor associated macrophage (TAM) markers, and to analyze the relationship between PREX1 expression levels and clinicopathological characteristics in OSCC. The study found that P-Rex1 expression was elevated in OSCC compared to dysplasia and normal mucosa (P 0.05, Fig. 2c) and preoperative inductive TPF chemotherapy (n = 20, P > 0.05, Fig. 2d). Moreover, no remarkable difference in PREX1 expression was found for smoking habits (P > 0.05, Fig. 2e) or alcohol consumption (P > 0.05, Fig. 2f). However, a striking difference was found in PREX1 expression between primary OSCC and recurrence (n = 25, P = 0.0174, Fig. 2g), and there was a striking difference between HPV− (n = 161) and HPV+ (n = 15, P = 0.0187, Fig. 2 h) in OSCC.
PREX1 expression is markedly correlated with Galectin‑9, CD68, CD163, CD206, B7‑H4, and PD‑L1 We analyzed serial sections of the OSCC tissue microarrays and found increased expression of PD-L1, Galectin-9, B7-H4, CD68, CD206, and CD163 in the cancer cells of human OSCC (Fig. 3a and b). The Spearman rank correlation coefficient test and linear tendency test showed that PREX1 expression was prominently correlated with PDL1(P = 0.0002, r = 0.3726, Fig. 4a), Galectin-9 (P 0.05). g Quantification analysis of the immunohistochemical histoscore of PREX1 between primary OSCC (n = 176) and recurrence (n = 25, *P
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