ZnO-CuOx/C mesoporous carbon as a stable lithium-ion anode
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ORIGINAL PAPER
ZnO-CuOx/C mesoporous carbon as a stable lithium-ion anode Bo Wang 1 & Sunrui Luan 1 & Junshuang Zhou 1 & Li Hou 1 & Faming Gao 1 Received: 6 September 2020 / Revised: 12 October 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Controlling the morphology and pore size is the key to improving the efficiency of electrode materials. In this work, ZnO-CuOx/ C, as a lithium-ion anode material, is prepared using ZIF-8@CuO as an initial composite material. The two metal oxides become uniformly distributed on the carbon material, which not only inherits the excellent pore structure and high specific surface area of ZIF-8 but also exhibits excellent conductivity and abundant active sites. Furthermore, ZnO-CuOx/C demonstrates outstanding lithium storage performance. After 500 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1, the capacity remains at a relatively high level of 1061.2 mAh g−1. After 1000 cycles at a current density of 1000 mA g−1, the capacity stays as high as 500 mAh g−1. Therefore, the prepared composite material possesses favourable rate capacity. Keywords MOFs . Anode . Lithium-ion battery
Introduction An anode plays an essential role in lithium-ion batteries [1–7]. The theoretical capacity of the traditional graphite anode is only 372 mAh g−1, which limits the energy density of lithium-ion batteries [8, 9]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new alternative materials. The capacity of transition metal oxides (such as CuO and ZnO) is much higher than that of graphite materials. Therefore, these oxides are classic high-energy density anode materials [10–13]. However, as a lithium-ion anode, the rate capacity and stability of transition metal oxides are low due to their low conductivity and large volume changes [14–16]. The nanoscale preparation of the material is a good solution because this preparation not only increases the specific surface area of the material but also improves the chemical reaction of the material [17, 18]. In addition, a short diffusion path can improve the power density and stability of the battery [19–21]. Compared with monometal oxides, bimetal oxides greatly increase the electrical conductivity and electrocatalytic activity of the material Supplementary Information The online version of this article (https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11581-020-03812-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Faming Gao [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
[22–25]. However, the low conductivity of metal oxides also severely limits their development as anodes [16, 26–30]. A composite consisting of metal-organic framework (MOF) derivatives and metal oxides increases the conductivity of the material. MOF derivatives possess excellent morphology and a very large specific surface area [31]. The unique preparation method of MOFs, which is a combination of metal ions and organic ligands, dete
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