Graphene/Magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) Hybrid Fillers for Thermoplastic Composites: X-Band Electromagnetic Interference Shieldin
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08533-9 Ó 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
Graphene/Magnetite (Fe3O4) Hybrid Fillers for Thermoplastic Composites: X-Band Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Characteristics JOMY JOSEPH,1 ABHISHEK SHARMA,1 BAIDEHISH SAHOO,1 AJAY M. SIDPARA,1 and JINU PAUL 1,2,3 1.—Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India. 2.—Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601, India. 3.—e-mail: [email protected]
Hybrid composites of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with multilayered graphene/iron oxide (MLG/Fe3O4) were prepared by solution casting. Tensile and viscoelastic characteristics of the hybrid nanocomposites were studied in comparison with the corresponding pure polymer and polymer/MLG composite. Increase in Fe3O4 content in the hybrid composites reduces their electrical conductivity and thermal stability. The hybrid composite films were hot stacked to get a 2-mm-thick multilayered sandwich structure and tested for their X-band microwave absorption characteristics. The decrease in electrical conductivity resulted in lower overall shielding effectiveness of the hybrid composites. Hybrid composites with 2.5 wt.% Fe3O4 exhibited satisfactory electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness at par with the polymer/MLG composites. The hybrid nanocomposites had a significantly higher influence of absorption in the overall shielding effectiveness when compared to the respective polymer/MLG composites. Both PMMA-based and PVC-based graphene/Fe3O4 hybrid nanocomposites with proper filler contents are found suitable for EMI shielding solutions with higher absorption requirements. Key words: EMI shielding, graphene, Fe3O4, hybrid nanocomposites
INTRODUCTION Electromagnetic interference (EMI) due to stray signals can interrupt the stable performance of sensitive electronic devices used in everyday life. This problem points towards the need for proper EMI shielding. A 30 dB shielding effectiveness is considered an adequate level of shielding for many applications. Lately, flexible conductive polymer composites (CPCs) are replacing their metallic counterparts in EMI shielding solutions because of their light weight, lower cost and higher corrosion resistance. Shielding effect comes as a result of reflection and absorption. The relative contribution
(Received January 11, 2020; accepted September 26, 2020)
of these two phenomena in the total shielding effect depends on the dielectric and magnetic properties of the CPC fillers. Conducting metal particles, carbonaceous fillers and intrinsically conductive polymers loaded into the CPCs contribute to the reflection segment of shielding, whereas the magnetic particles added strengthen the absorption segment. Thus, EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of CPCs depends upon their dielectric permittivity, electrical conductivity, and magnetic permeability. The right combination of fillers
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