Graphene Oxide Adsorbent-Based Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with Multi-pretreatment Clean-up for Analysis o
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SHORT COMMUNICATION
Graphene Oxide Adsorbent‑Based Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with Multi‑pretreatment Clean‑up for Analysis of Trace Ochratoxin A in Chicken Liver Yixuan Cui1 · Haiyan Ma2 · Di Liu1 · Mengjiao Li3 · Ruisen Hao4 · Junmei Li1 · Ye Jiang1 Received: 26 February 2020 / Revised: 5 July 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Graphene oxide (GO)-based dispersive solid phase extraction (D-SPE) method combined with multi-step preparation has been put forward for the evaluation of trace ochratoxin A (OTA) in chicken liver. The homogenized tissue sample was initially clean-up and extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and 0.1 mol/L sodium bicarbonate solution and then adsorbed using GO originally targeting for OTA. The adsorbed OTA was then eluted twice by 1 mL of methanol and finally quantified by high performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD). As a result, the matrix effect of chicken liver tissue was removed to a great extent after a series of processing steps. Under the optimum conditions, the functionality of the method was attested and this method demonstrated proper sensitivity, with detection and quantification limits equal to 0.02 ng/mL and 0.04 ng/mL, respectively. The method turned out to be accurate with recoveries ranging from 86.4 to 102.9%. Furthermore, the established method was applied to assess OTA contamination in different batches chicken liver, which revealed that two supermarket-sold and three individual domestic samples were contaminated with OTA (33% frequency) and the proposed method was suitable for continuous monitoring for OTA in chicken liver to ensure food safety. Keywords Ochratoxin A · Chicken liver · Graphene oxide · Dispersive solid phase extraction · Multi-step pretreatment · Matrix removal
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-020-03942-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ye Jiang [email protected] 1
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
2
Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Petrochina Central Hospital, Langfang 065000, Hebei Province, China
3
Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
4
Department of Basic Theory Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, Beijing, China
Ochratoxins are secondary metabolites produced mainly by Penicillium and Aspergillus under certain conditions, consisting of Ochratoxin A (OTA), Ochratoxin B and Ochratoxin C [1, 2] Among all of ochratoxins, OTA is the most toxic one and therefore causes severe health risk to human beings [3, 4]. In 1993, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified it as possibly carcinogenic to humans (group 2B) [5]. Additionally, it is also confirmed
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