Green synthesis and antibacterial activity of hydroxyapatite nanorods for orthopedic applications
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Research Letter
Green synthesis and antibacterial activity of hydroxyapatite nanorods for orthopedic applications Govindan Suresh Kumar, and Senkotuvel Rajendran, Department of Physics, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode 637 215, Tamil Nadu, India Sekar Karthi, Raji Govindan, and Easwaradas Kreedapathy Girija, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India Gopalu Karunakaran, Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS,” Leninskiy Pr. 4, Moscow 119049, Russia; Department of Biotechnology, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode 637 215, Tamil Nadu, India Denis Kuznetsov, Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS,” Leninskiy Pr. 4, Moscow 119049, Russia Address all correspondence to Govindan Suresh Kumar at [email protected] (Received 16 November 2016; accepted 15 March 2017)
Abstract Biomaterials with antibacterial activity are widely developed for the treatment of bone infection. In the present study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanorods were prepared by green synthesis using Azadirachta indica and Coccinia grandis leaf extract. The prepared samples were characterized by various characterization techniques and the results indicate that the prepared samples are constituted of phase pure polycrystalline HAp having hexagonal crystal structure. Moreover, antibacterial activity test confirm that the HAp prepared using leaf extract as a solvent having significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Hence, green synthesis can be a prospective way to develop orthopedic biomaterials with antibacterial properties.
Introduction The recent trend in biomaterials research is focused towards the nanotechnology, which offers a distinctive approach to overcome the shortcomings of bulk materials due to their high surface area and quantum confinement effects.[1,2] Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp) is well-known biomaterial owing to its excellent bioactivity, biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and similarity to the inorganic constituent of calcified tissues. Hence, it is widely used for several biomedical applications such as fillers for bone defects, scaffold for tissue engineering and coating on metallic implants to improve the biocompatibility, and carrier for drug/protein delivery.[1,2] One of the most important problems in orthopedics is a bone infection caused by infective micro-organisms.[3] Hence, HAp in combination with antibiotics is very useful for the development of biomaterial for filling bone defects.[4–6] Moreover, HAp substituted with silver ions has been developed to address this problem.[7] On the other hand, green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant leaf extracts has opened a new era in research and many researchers have reported the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant leaf extracts and its antibacterial activi
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