Hematobiochemical and Immunological Responses of Rats Treated with Multi-strain Probiotics and Infected with Trypanosoma
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Hematobiochemical and Immunological Responses of Rats Treated with Multi-strain Probiotics and Infected with Trypanosoma brucei Chukwuemeka Calistus Okolo 1
&
Nwakaego Ernestina Nweze 1 & Ifeanyi James Eze 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The effects of treatment with probiotics on the immunological and hematobiochemical changes in Trypanosoma brucei infection were investigated. Probiotic strains used are Bifidobacterium BB-12, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Lactobacillus delbrueckii LBY-27, Lactobacillus paracasei LC-01, and Streptococcus thermophilus STY-31. Thirty rats randomly assigned to five groups were used in the experiment. Groups A to C received 1 × 109 CFU, 5 × 109 CFU, and 10 × 109 CFU of the multi-strain probiotics daily and respectively from day 0 post-supplementation (PS) to termination. Group D and E were the infected and uninfected controls respectively. On day seven PS, groups A to D were challenged intraperitoneally with approximately 1 × 106 trypanosomes. Parasitemia, nitric oxide level, hematobiochemical parameters, and antibody titer to heterologous antigen stimulation were monitored post-infection. By days 7 and 16 PS, probiotics-treated groups had significantly lower (p < 0.05) mean creatinine concentration than the controls; however, on day 7 PS, there were no significant variations in the leukocyte counts (LC), total erythrocyte counts (TEC), and the packed cell volume (PCV) in all experimental groups. Following infection, by day 16 PS, the pre-patent period, parasitemia levels, and antibody titer were similar in all infected groups. Furthermore, the probiotics-treated groups and the infected control had significantly lower PCV, TEC, and LC values when compared to the uninfected control, and probiotics treated groups (A and C) had only marginally lower nitric oxide levels than the infected control. Treatment with the probiotic strains gave a creatinine-lowering effect, was innocuous to the hematopoietic system, but was not sufficiently immunostimulatory in trypanosomosis. Keywords Trypanosomosis . Probiotics . Parasitemia . Immune response . Nitric oxide, Hematobiochemical
Introduction Trypanosomosis is a group of diseases caused by Trypanosoma spp. and it remains a very important human and animal health challenge. The hallmarks of the pathology of animal trypanosomosis are anemia, immunosuppression, oxidative damage, and hematobiochemical derangements [1–5]. The most commonly used chemotherapeutic or chemoprophylactic agents (including diminazene, homidium, and
* Chukwuemeka Calistus Okolo [email protected]; [email protected] Nwakaego Ernestina Nweze [email protected] Ifeanyi James Eze [email protected] 1
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu 410001, Nigeria
isometamidium salts) against animal trypanosomosis are over four decades old, and the problem of drug resistance is widespread [6, 7]. Even when clinical cure is achieved in animal patients, relapse of infections may follow
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