High endogenous expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) supports osteogenic differentiation in human d
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ORIGINAL PAPER
High endogenous expression of parathyroid hormone‑related protein (PTHrP) supports osteogenic differentiation in human dental follicle cells Oliver Pieles1 · Anja Reck1 · Christian Morsczeck1 Accepted: 14 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Dental follicle cells (DFCs) are progenitor cells for mineralizing cells such as alveolar osteoblasts, but little is known about the mechanisms of the differentiation. Interestingly, different cell lines sometimes have different potentials to differentiate into mineralizing cells. In this study, we compared two different DFC lines, with one cell line (DFC_B) showing a high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in long-term cultures with standard medium and a reliable mineralizing potential. However, the other cell line DFC_A shows low ALP activity in standard medium and almost no mineralization. Known osteogenic markers such as RUNX2 were similarly expressed in both cell lines. However, the proosteogenic signaling pathway of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is induced in DFC_B, and the parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), which is involved in tooth root development, was also expressed more strongly. Previous studies have shown that the secreted PTHrP negatively regulate the transition from pre-osteoblastic progenitors to osteoblasts, but we showed that an inhibition of PTHrP gene expression reduced the ALP activity and the BMP-signaling pathway. In addition, endogenously expressed PTHrP is located in the cell nucleus. In contrast, supplementation of PTHrP or an inhibitor for the PTHrP receptor did not affect the ALP activity of DFC_B. In conclusion, our data suggest that a high endogenous expression of PTHrP in DFCs supports the induction of osteogenic differentiation via an intracrine mode. Keywords Dental follicle · Stem cells · Osteogenic differentiation · PTHrP
Introduction Dental stem cells such as dental follicle cells (DFCs) could be used in the future to cure oral diseases (Morsczeck and Reichert 2018; Zhang et al. 2019a; Zhou et al. 2019) and were already successfully used for the regeneration of craniofacial bone in numerous animal studies and case reports in humans (Sybil et al. 2020). Another application field is tissue engineering of dental tissues such as a complete tooth root for a novel type of dental implants (Sonoyama et al. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-020-01904-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Christian Morsczeck [email protected]‑regensburg.de 1
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz‑Josef‑Strauss‑Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
2006). Reliable protocols for the differentiation of stem cells are required to avoid complications, but little is known about the molecular processes that direct the differentiation of dental stem cells into cementoblasts or alveolar osteoblasts (Morsczeck 2015; Morsczeck and
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