Highly efficient ultrasonic-assisted preconcentration of trace amounts of Ag(I), Pb(II), and Cd(II) ions using 3-mercapt
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Highly efficient ultrasonic‑assisted preconcentration of trace amounts of Ag(I), Pb(II), and Cd(II) ions using 3‑mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane‑functionalized graphene oxide–magnetic nanoparticles Natthida Lamaiphan1 · Chinawooth Sakaew1 · Phitchan Sricharoen2 · Prawit Nuengmatcha3 · Saksit Chanthai1 · Nunticha Limchoowong4 Received: 17 August 2020 / Revised: 2 October 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 © The Korean Ceramic Society 2020
Abstract The preparation and characterization of thiol-functionalized graphene oxide–iron oxide ( Fe3O4–GO–SH) nanocomposites (novel magnetic adsorbents) for the simultaneous preconcentration and determination of heavy metal ions, such as Ag(I), Pb(II), and Cd(II), from water samples were carried out in the present research. The characterization of the resultant F e 3O 4– GO–SH nanocomposites was performed by SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, FT-IR, and VSM. The preconcentration optimization of pH solution, adsorbent amount, ultrasonic power for adsorption and desorption processes, adsorption time, and elution solvent type and concentration was performed by the ultrasonic-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction. Under optimal conditions, linear ranges were found to be 20–1000 μg L–1 for Ag(I) and Cd(II) ions and 200–10,000 μg L–1 for Pb(II) ions with a regression coefficient of R2 > 0.99. The limits of detection for Ag, Pb, and Cd ions were 1.7 μg L–1, 14.1 μg L–1, and 0.9 μg L–1, respectively, and the limits of quantification for Ag, Pb, and Cd ions were 5.9 μg L–1, 47.3 μg L–1, and 3.2 μg L–1, respectively. The recovery rate of these metal ions for water samples (drinking water, tap water, swamp water, and wastewater from plating plants) ranged between 80 and 115%. Therefore, the proposed method can potentially be used for the simultaneous preconcentration and determination of heavy metal ions from real water samples, and its reusability can be easily carried out by the deionized water treatment. Keywords Ultrasound · Magnetic solid-phase microextraction · Heavy metals · Graphene oxide · Thiol-functionalization · Fe3O4 * Saksit Chanthai [email protected]
1 Introduction
* Nunticha Limchoowong [email protected]
Ultrasonic-assisted preconcentration extraction is a popular sample preparation method due to its numerous advantages, including small sample volume, short extraction time, and high extraction efficiency [1–3]. Moreover, this preconcentration method is widely used for the enrichment of trace metals by increasing the dispersive mass transfer of adsorbents and analytical molecules under ultrasonic irradiation [4, 5]. Hence, the ultrasonic-assisted technique has a promising extraction performance. To increase the analytical concentration through the removal of sample matrixes or interferences, different preconcentration methods, such as dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) [6], cloud point extraction (CPE) [7], hollow fiber solid/liquid microextraction [8], ion-exchange chromatography [9], and
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Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence f
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