Human Gastrointestinal Organoid Models for Studying Microbial Disease and Cancer
One of the major discoveries in stem cell research in the past decade embraces the development of “organs in a dish,” also known as “organoids.” Organoids are three-dimensional cellular structures derived from primary stem cells of different organ-specifi
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Introduction.......................................................................................................................... Organoids for the Study of Host–Pathogen Interactions.................................................... 2.1 Rotavirus, Norovirus, and Zika Virus........................................................................ 2.2 Helicobacter Pylori ..................................................................................................... 3 Organoid–Immune Cell Co-cultures ................................................................................... 3.1 Organoid/Macrophage Co-cultures............................................................................. 3.2 Organoid Co-culture with Antigen-Presenting Dendritic Cells (DCs)...................... 3.3 Organoids Co-cultured with Lymphocytes ................................................................ 4 The Microbiome and Cancer Development........................................................................ 4.1 Microbial Contribution to Disease Development ...................................................... 4.2 Using Organoids to Gain Insight into the Development of Cancer Therapeutics................................................................................................................ 5 Conclusions.......................................................................................................................... References ..................................................................................................................................
Jayati Chakrabarti, Martha B. Dua-Awereh—Equal contribution. J. Chakrabarti Y. Zavros (&) Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, 1333 N. Martin Avenue, LSN 412, Tucson AZ 85719-0000, AZ, USA e-mail: [email protected] J. Chakrabarti e-mail: [email protected] M. B. Dua-Awereh Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB 4202, Cincinnati OH 45267-0000, OH, USA e-mail: [email protected] L. Holokai Merck Pharmaceuticals, San Francisco, CA, USA Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2020_223 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
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J. Chakrabarti et al.
Abstract One of the major discoveries in stem cell research in the past decade embraces the development of “organs in a dish,” also known as “organoids.” Organoids are three-dimensional cellular structures derived from primary stem cells of different organ-specific cell types which are capable of self-renewal and maintenance of the parental lineages. Researchers have developed in vitro organoid models to mimic in vivo host–microbial interactions and disease. In this review, we focus on the use of gastrointestinal organoids as models of microbial disease and cancer. 3D iPSC ESC GI Lgr5 HuNoV ZIKV SPEM PBMCs DCs TCL CD MHC IEL CTLA4 PD-1 PD-L1 RCC ATB TME CagA TFF2 PMN-MDSCs Slfn VEGF TNFa IL-1b Treg IL-2 AL
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