Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Methods and Protocols

Almost daily, new technologies are being presented that move the field of human pluripotent stem cell research towards a future that may yield highly-effective, personalized medical treatments.  Three enabling technologies at hand for human PSCs are

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Molecular Biology

Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651

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Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Methods and Protocols

Edited by

Philip H. Schwartz Neuroscience Laboratories, Centers for Neuroscience and Translational Research, Children’s Hospital of Orange County Research Institute, Orange, CA, USA

Robin L. Wesselschmidt Center for Applied Technology Development, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA

Editors Philip H. Schwartz Neuroscience Laboratories Centers for Neuroscience and Translational Research Children’s Hospital of Orange County Research Institute Orange, CA USA [email protected]

Robin L. Wesselschmidt Center for Applied Technology Development Beckman Research Institute City of Hope Duarte, CA USA [email protected]

ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-61779-200-7 e-ISBN 978-1-61779-201-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-201-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011932985 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or ­dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface The 1998 report describing the derivation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) set in motion an unprecedented wave of research and public discourse on the basic biology and the potential therapeutic application of these cells as well as the ethics surrounding their derivation and use. It seemed that everyone was interested in these cells derived from human blastocyst-stage embryos. The public debate and scientific interest continues today, 13 years later. Although there is no denying that the derivation of hESCs was a major breakthrough in our efforts to understand early human development and to treat human diseases, the science behind it was built on decades of solid research that began with the study of human and mouse teratomas and teratocarcinomas (see the reference list for a necessarily abridged compendium of seminal papers in this stem cell field). Teratocarcinomas are the malignant form of teratomas, tumors that comprise a complex, disorganized mixture of cells and tissues representing cellular derivatives of all three of th