Cancer Stem Cells Methods and Protocols
Through the revolutionary concept of cancer stem cells, cancer research has been reinvigorated to study the role of these unique cells in cancer propagation and as targets of innovative therapies. In Cancer Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols, preeminent re
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IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY™
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7651
Cancer Stem Cells Methods and Protocols
Edited by
John S. Yu Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Editor John S. Yu Department of Neurosurgery Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA USA
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-58829-938-3 e-ISBN 978-1-59745-280-9 DOI 10.1007/978-1-59745-280-9 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009926169 © Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
This book is dedicated to Helena, Jeffrey, and Lauren whose love and devotion has illuminated my path and made each step joyful.
Foreword Cancer is a devastating disease that affects millions of people in the world. Our therapies for tumors have mostly been based on classical chemotherapy and antiproliferative treatments. More recently, directed therapies against a causative oncogene have led to prominent reduction in tumor rates for some cancers. For instance, chronic myelogenous leukemia that is due to a BCR–ABL translocation can be targeted with Gleevec. Despite these advances in individual tumors, a number of patients are treated for their primary tumors and ultimately relapse. Relapsing tumors can be due to resistance to chemotherapy or to antioncogene drugs. Another hypothesis is that heterogeneity in the tumor leads to an inability of classical chemotherapy to completely eradicate all cells of the tumor. This concept of heterogeneity has led some investigators to propose a cancer stem cell model. As patients are treated with chemotherapy,
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