Hydrocarbon degradation in oily sludge by bacterial consortium assisted with alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) and maize ( Z
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Hydrocarbon degradation in oily sludge by bacterial consortium assisted with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) Asim Shahzad 1,2 & Samina Siddiqui 3 & Asghari Bano 4 & Shehla Sattar 3 & Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi 5 & Mingzhou Qin 2 & Abdul Shakoor 6 Received: 13 September 2019 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract Hydrocarbons contamination is a worldwide threat to soil ecosystem. The present study was designed to evaluate the remediation potential of bacterial consortium, viz. Bacillus cereus (Acc KR232400), Bacillus altitudinis (Acc KF859970), Commomonas (Delftia sp.) (Acc KF859971), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Acc KF859973), with alfalfa and maize plants in combination with fertilizer to remediate the oily sludge. Oily sludge was mixed with soil in 30:70 ratio, and ammonium nitrate and diammonium phosphate (DAP) were added at a rate of 70 μg/g and 7 μg/g with the consortium (106 cells/ml). Different hydrocarbons were extracted by Soxhlet extraction and examined by using gas chromatography and flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Consortium degraded more than 63% total petroleum hydrocarbons, and significant degradation (80%) of n-alkanes (nC13 to nC29) was witnessed with consortium + fertilizer + alfalfa in 30% oily sludge at 3 days. Degradation of (80%) of nalkanes (nC13 to nC29) in oily sludge was also noted. In this study, the consortium along with Alfalfa and fertilizer found most efficient option for remediation of hydrocarbons. Keywords Alfalfa plants . Bacterial consortium . Hydrocarbon degradation . Maize . Oily sludge . Plant microbe interaction . Rhizoremediation
Introduction In the last few years, a reasonable amount of oily sludge has been drilled out and stored in open pits within the
surroundings of different oil field areas. Moreover, these oilbased industries are also spilling out oily waste to the environment which poses constant threat to the agro-environmental ecosystems. Oily sludge is made up of a wide range of cancer-
Responsible Editor: Amjad Kallel * Asim Shahzad [email protected] Samina Siddiqui [email protected] Asghari Bano [email protected] Shehla Sattar [email protected] Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi [email protected] Mingzhou Qin [email protected] Abdul Shakoor [email protected]
1
Department of Botany, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan
2
College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Jinming Ave, Kaifeng 475004, China
3
National Center of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
4
Department of Biosciences, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
5
Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
6
Key laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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causing organic or inorganic compounds which are toxic to the microorganisms and plants and also acts as a source of groundwater con
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