Hydrogeochemical modeling based approach for evaluation of groundwater suitability for irrigational use in Korba distric
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Hydrogeochemical modeling based approach for evaluation of groundwater suitability for irrigational use in Korba district, Chhattisgarh, Central India Soumya S. Singha1 · Srinivas Pasupuleti1 Received: 19 February 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Systematic assessment of groundwater suitability for irrigation purpose was evaluated in Korba district, Chhattisgarh, Central India. As a part of the assessment, groundwater physico-chemical data of 56 locations were considered. Ascertaining the groundwater suitability and its characteristics, various quality indices and hydrogeochemical studies were performed. Quality results showed that groundwater of the study area was mostly alkaline in nature, where a total of 17% groundwater samples were found hard to very hard, 9% were slight to moderate hazard, and 4% were high saline type. Chemical indices, namely Sodium percentage (Na%), Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), Kelly’s ratio (KR) and Magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) were evaluated. According to the computed indices, majority of the samples were found to be suitable for irrigation. Based on USSL plot, around 54% of samples fell in C1-S1 and C2-S1 fields, indicating low to medium salinity with a low alkali hazard. Hence, groundwater fell under C1-S1 and C2-S1 fields can be used to irrigate all kind of soils with marginal increase of risk level for exchangeable Na+ content. Results of hydrogeochemical model suggested that groundwater of the study area were mainly influenced by rock-water interaction phenomena. Groundwater hydrogeochemical facies was characterized through Piper plot and Chadha’s diagram, which showed Ca–Mg–HCO3 type groundwater as the dominating facies within the study region. Keywords Groundwater · Irrigation groundwater suitability · Hydrogeochemistry · Rock-water interaction · Korba
1 Introduction Globally, groundwater is a major source of water that is used for agriculture, domestic, and drinking purposes. Often its quality is ignored, especially for irrigation use. However, where groundwater source and irrigation system are essential to agricultural practices, quality is important in terms of leaching fractions, irrigation management, and also for water treatment in order to achieve maximum crop productivity [1]. Extensive application of insecticides, pesticides and synthetic fertilizers for agricultural production in recent years have raised serious concerns regarding degradation of groundwater quality [2]. While a rapidly
growing population and increasing industrial activities are contributing to anthropogenic pollution in both surface and sub-surface water,fluoride, arsenic, highly dissolved solids, and iron concentration in groundwater are causing geogenic pollution [3]. Agriculture is a major sector in India and contributes approximately 14% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) [4]. This underlines the need for good quality of irrigation groundwater. The quality of irrigation water is defi
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