Interspecific Inhibitory Interference of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. on Pisum sativum L.
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Interspecific Inhibitory Interference of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. on Pisum sativum L. Waseem Mushtaq1 · Quratul Ain1 · M. B. Siddiqui1 · Hesham F. Alharby2 · Khalid Rehman Hakeem2,3 Received: 27 October 2019 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Roots of weeds that are left behind in the soil after removal of their aerial parts can reduce the growth of crops. Here we conducted an assessment to evaluate the allelopathic interference of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia roots and its rhizosphere soil on the growth of Pisum sativum L., identification of chemicals involved, the role of charcoal, the role of N and other macronutrients. Growth responses of P. sativum were analysed for (a) rhizosphere soil with and without N supplementation and (b) soil amendment with Nicotiana roots. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS) analysis of the rhizosphere soil was conducted to look for concentration of essential nutrients. Rhizosphere soil showed an inhibitory effect even with N supplementation. SEM–EDS showed a healthy concentration of essential nutrients. Root residues of Nicotiana integrated with soil do cause a reduction in seedling length (root length, shoot length) and dry biomass of recipient plant. However, a partial alleviation in growth inhibition occurred upon the addition of activated charcoal. Soils amended with root residues were rich in phenolics as compared to control. Overall, 34 compounds were reported upon GC–MS analysis which can be considered responsible for the allelopathic suppression of P. sativum. The chief component was guanosine (26.21%) followed by n-hexadecanoic acid (18.61%), oleic acid (18.29%), palmitoleic acid (4.80%), -(-)nicotine (5.09%) and solasodine (2.54%). These results show a definite role of putative allelochemicals that exerted allelopathic effects on P. sativum. Keywords Activated charcoal · GC–MS analysis · N supplementation · Phenolics · SEM–EDS analysis
Introduction Allelopathy is a kind of biological chemical warfare during which a plant releases bioactive chemicals (allelochemicals) that affects the growth and development of its neighbour Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10247-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Waseem Mushtaq [email protected] * Khalid Rehman Hakeem [email protected] 1
Allelopathy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
2
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
3
Princess Dr Najla Bint Saud Al‑ Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
plants (Rice 1984). These chemicals with allelopathic potential exist in all parts of plants such as leaves, stem, roots, flowers and even pollen grains (Rice 1984) and are released through various modes like leachation of
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