Hydrogen sulfide mediates DNA methylation to enhance osmotic stress tolerance in Setaria italica L.
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Hydrogen sulfide mediates DNA methylation to enhance osmotic stress tolerance in Setaria italica L. Xuefeng Hao & Zhuping Jin & Zhiqing Wang & Wensheng Qin & Yanxi Pei
Received: 5 November 2019 / Accepted: 1 June 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Background and aims DNA methylation is an important form of epigenetic modification. It has a vital role in regulating plant growth and development, and also participates in plant response to various stresses. In recent years, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to have similar functions as DNA methylation, but crosstalk between DNA methylation and H2S in the acquisition of drought resistance is unclear. In this study, foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), a drought-resistant model crop, was selected as the experimental material to explore the subtle relationship between H2S and DNA methylation. Methods The quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR, bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP), DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity detection and other techniques were Responsible Editor: Ian Dodd. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04590-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. X. Hao : Z. Jin : Z. Wang : Y. Pei (*) School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi Province, China e-mail: [email protected] X. Hao Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619 Shanxi Province, China W. Qin Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
used to analyze the differences of millet seedlings under osmotic stress, before and after H2S treatment. Results Osmotic stress induced the transcriptional expression and activity of key enzymes in H2S biosynthesis which regulated the accumulation of endogenous H2S. Physiological concentration of H2S (50 μM) can effectively alleviate the decrease of total DNMT activity and transcription level caused by osmotic stress, while the effective inhibitor of H2S biosynthesis, hydroxylamine (HA), can aggravate this change. Furthermore, transcription factors (TFs) responsive to both ‘osmotic stress’ and ‘H2S signal’ were screened. Six of them were selected to conduct further BSP analysis on seven CpG islands in their promoter regions. The results showed that, with H 2 S treatment, two CpG islands were hypermethylated, two were not, and three exhibited insensitivity to H2S. Conclusion H2S signals may improve osmotic stress tolerance of foxtail millet by mediating DNA methylation. Keywords Hydrogen sulfide . DNA methylation . Osmotic stress . Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) Abbreviations H2S Hydrogen sulfide PEG Polyethylene glycol BSP Bisulfite sequencing PCR DNMT DNA methyltransferase HA Hydroxylamine TF Transcription factor MET Methyltransferase
Plant Soil
CMT DRM ABA EDTA CDes LCD DCD DES ROS1 DME MS
Chromomethylase Domains rearranged methyltransferase Abscisic acid Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid Cysteine desulfhydrases L-cysteine desulfhydrase D-cyste
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