Identification and characterization of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus mutants defective in the solubilization of phosp
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S H O R T CO M MU N I C A T I O N
IdentiWcation and characterization of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus mutants defective in the solubilization of phosphorus and zinc Aline C. Intorne · Marcos Vinicius V. de Oliveira · Mariana L. Lima · Juliana F. da Silva · Fábio L. Olivares · Gonçalo Apolinário de Souza Filho
Received: 22 July 2008 / Revised: 2 February 2009 / Accepted: 6 March 2009 / Published online: 2 April 2009 © Springer-Verlag 2009
Abstract Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a plantgrowth-promoting bacterium, which is able to colonize sugarcane and other plant species of economic importance. The potentially beneWcial eVects promoted by this bacterium on plants are nitrogen-Wxation, production of phythormones, action against pathogens and mineral nutrient solubilization. In this study, the molecular mechanisms associated with phosphorus and zinc solubilization were analyzed. A transposon mutant library was constructed and screened to select for mutants defective for phosphorous [Ca5(PO4)3OH] and zinc (ZnO) solubilization. A total of Wve mutants were identiWed in each screen. Both screenings, performed independently, allowed to select the same mutants. The interrupted gene in each mutant was identiWed by sequencing and the results demonstrate that the production of gluconic acid is a required pathway for solubilization of such nutrients in G. diazotrophicus.
A. C. Intorne and M. V. V. de Oliveira contributed equally to this work. Communicated by Ursula Priefer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00203-009-0472-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. A. C. Intorne · M. V. V. de Oliveira · M. L. Lima · J. F. da Silva · G. A. de Souza Filho (&) Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] F. L. Olivares Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-600, Brazil
Keywords Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus · Genomic functional analysis · Transposon mutant library · Phosphorus solubilization · Zinc solubilization
Introduction Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a nitrogen-Wxing endophytic bacterium, able to colonize several plant species. Among these species, sugarcane is its main host (Cavalcante and Döbereiner 1988), but other economically important crops are also colonized by this bacterium, such as coVee (Jimenez-Salgado et al. 1997) and rice (Muthukumarasamy et al. 2005). Besides nitrogen-Wxation, G. diazotrophicus promotes other beneWcial eVects to plants, such as the production of phythormones (Bastian et al. 1998), the action against pathogens (Muthukumarasamy et al. 2000; Blanco et al. 2005; Saravanan et al. 2007a) and solubilization of mineral nutrients (Mowade and Bhattacharyya 2000; Saravanan et al. 2007b). Considering these features, G. diazotrophicus has been described as a plantgrowth-promoting bacterium (Saravanan et al. 2007c).
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