Identification of an antiviral compound isolated from Pistacia lentiscus
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Identification of an antiviral compound isolated from Pistacia lentiscus Lamjed Bouslama1 · Roudaina Benzekri1 · Siwar Nsaibia2 · Adele Papetti3 · Ferid Limam1 Received: 23 May 2020 / Revised: 29 June 2020 / Accepted: 9 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study screened mastic gum (Pistacia lentiscus L.) for antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), coxsackievirus type B3, and adenovirus type 5. The organs of this plant (leaves, stem, and seed) were macerated sequentially using solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol). Only the methanol extract of stem exhibited significant activity against HSV-2. This extract showed anti-HSV-2 activity with a selectivity index of 51 (50% cytotoxic concentration = 186 µg/mL; 50% inhibitory concentration = 3.63 µg/mL), and demonstrated direct inhibition against this virus with a virucidal selectivity index of 620 (50% virucidal concentration = 0.30 µg/mL). A bio-guided assay involving thin-layer chromatography led to the isolation of two active compounds, which have been identified as dammaradienone and dammaradienol using high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. P. lentiscus has been widely studied for other biological activities. However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of P. lentiscus L. exhibiting antiviral activity. Keywords Pistacia lentiscus · Herpes simplex virus type 2 · Virucidal selectivity index · Dammaradienone, dammaradienol
Introduction Mastic gum (Pistacia lentiscus L.), also referred to as lentisk, is a small tree of the pistachio genus (family Anacardiaceae), which grows in the Mediterranean area. It produces a natural resin in the form of small tears derived from the stems and leaves. This yellow mastic gum has been used for centuries as a chewing gum for mouth disinfection. The uses of this gum vary, including food, cosmetics, perfumery, dentistry, and chewing gum. P. lentiscus resin reportedly demonstrates therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities (Loizou et al. 2009; Zhou et al. 2009; Mahmoudi et al. 2010; Triantafyllou et al. 2011; Ben Khedir et al. 2016; Papada et al. 2018), as well as antibacterial Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. * Lamjed Bouslama [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Bioactive Substances‑LR15CBBC03, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, University of Tunis El Manar, BP 901, Hammam Lif, 2050 Tunis, Tunisia
2
Regional Laboratory of Public Health, 8000 Nabeul, Tunisia
3
Nutraceutical and Food Chemical‑Toxicological Analysis Laboratory, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
activity against Helicobacter pylori, where its implication in the treatment of gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux, and ulcer has been described (Huwez et al. 1998; Marone et al. 2001; Dabos et al. 2010). Other studies have found that this resin h
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