Identification of polycomb repressive complex 1 and 2 core components in hexaploid bread wheat
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Identification of polycomb repressive complex 1 and 2 core components in hexaploid bread wheat Beáta Strejčková1, Radim Čegan1,2, Ales Pecinka1, Zbyněk Milec1 and Jan Šafář1* From Fifth International Scientific Conference “Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology” (PlantGen2019) Novosibirsk, Russia. 24-29 June 2019
Abstract Background: Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 play important roles in epigenetic gene regulation by posttranslationally modifying specific histone residues. Polycomb repressive complex 2 is responsible for the trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3; Polycomb repressive complex 1 catalyzes the monoubiquitination of histone H2A at lysine 119. Both complexes have been thoroughly studied in Arabidopsis, but the evolution of polycomb group gene families in monocots, particularly those with complex allopolyploid origins, is unknown. Results: Here, we present the in silico identification of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 and 2 (PRC2, PRC1) subunits in allohexaploid bread wheat, the reconstruction of their evolutionary history and a transcriptional analysis over a series of 33 developmental stages. We identified four main subunits of PRC2 [E(z), Su(z), FIE and MSI] and three main subunits of PRC1 (Pc, Psc and Sce) and determined their chromosomal locations. We found that most of the genes coding for subunit proteins are present as paralogs in bread wheat. Using bread wheat RNA-seq data from different tissues and developmental stages throughout plant ontogenesis revealed variable transcriptional activity for individual paralogs. Phylogenetic analysis showed a high level of protein conservation among temperate cereals. Conclusions: The identification and chromosomal location of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 and 2 core components in bread wheat may enable a deeper understanding of developmental processes, including vernalization, in commonly grown winter wheat. Keywords: Polycomb repressive complex, Epigenetics, PRC2, Wheat, Histone methylation
Background The regulation of gene expression in higher organisms includes a wide range of mechanisms acting at transcriptional, posttranscriptional and posttranslational levels. More complex regulation that is required to coordinate proper gene activity also includes regulation by * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
chromatin remodeling via histone modifications (methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination), which lead to specific chromatin changes. Prominent posttranslational changes are histone modifications, which occur on particular amino acid residues. Methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me) is mainly associated with transcriptional activation, whereas di- and trimethylation of lysines 9 and 27 (H3K9me2 and H3K27me3, respectively) l
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