In-vitro antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficiencies of chitosan-encapsulated zinc ferrite nanoparticles
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In‑vitro antibacterial and anti‑biofilm efficiencies of chitosan‑encapsulated zinc ferrite nanoparticles Rashmi P. Sharma1 · Siddheshwar D. Raut2 · Ambadas S. Kadam3 · Ramjan M. Mulani1 · Rajaram S. Mane2 Received: 18 July 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Recently, nanoparticle (NP)-encapsulated surfaces have received remarkable attention as a promising antimicrobial alternate. Thereby, the present investigation focuses to develop chitosan-encapsulated zinc ferrite nanoparticles (CT-ZnFe2O4 NPs) for antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficiencies against the range of pathogens. In this study, ZnFe2O4 NPs synthesized by a sol–gel auto-combustion method are coated with a natural CT polymer. Agar well diffusion, growth kinetics and colony-forming unit measurement studies demonstrated that the CT-ZnFe2O4 NPs behave excellent antibacterial agent against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Subsequently, their inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and removal of established biofilm are also been evaluated. Obtained results demonstrated that the CT-ZnFe2O4 NPs inhibit the biofilm formation more than 65% and reduce established biofilm up to 50% at a respective minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Promising findings of this study suggest an exciting opportunity in antimicrobial therapy like antibacterial coatings that wound care and target drug delivery in biofilm treatment. Keywords Antibacterial activity · Anti-biofilm activity · Chitosan · CT-ZnFe2O4 NPs · Sol–gel auto-combustion method
1 Introduction Ineffective response of conventional antimicrobial drugs and rapid spread of drug resistance raise a serious concern in the global public health [1, 2]. Additionally, their biofilm mediated pathogenesis exacerbate the healthcare system especially the indwelling medical devices [3, 4]. Therefore, an innovative antimicrobial approach is on high demand [5]. Over the years, nanoparticles (NPs) have received much attention to deal with the antibiotic mediated crisis [6, 7]. Their exceptional properties and multi-mode actions have demonstrated a great advantage over the antibiotics [8]. More recently, targeting the biofilm with NPs is a topic of * Rashmi P. Sharma [email protected] * Rajaram S. Mane [email protected] 1
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra 431606, India
2
School of Physical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra 431606, India
3
Department of Botany, DSM’S ACS, College, District Parbhani, Jintur, Maharashtra 431509, India
intense research [9]. As on date, most conventional metal and metal oxide NPs (like silver, zinc, copper, zinc oxide and copper oxide) have massively been screened for anti-biofilm activity [10–12], although some of these NPs are being criticised for their toxic behaviour for mammalian cells [13, 14]. Despite toxicity, high surface energy of these NPs is another major drawback because they tend
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